Crossbar Switch: A Crossbar Switch connects n inputs to m
outputs in a grid, using electronic micro-switches (transistors) at
each cross point. The major limitation of this design is the number
of crosspoints required. Connecting n inputs to m outputs using a
crossbar switch requires n * m crosspoints. For example, to connect
1000 inputs to 1000 outputs requires a crossbar with 1,000,000
crosspoints. A crossbar with this number of crosspoints is
impractical. Such a switch is also inefficient because statistics
show that, in practice, fewer that 25 percent of the crosspoints
are in use at any given time. The rest are idle.
Multistage Switch: The solution to the limitations of the
crossbar switch is the Multistage Switch, which combines crossbar
switches in several stages. In multistage switching, devices are
linked to switches that, in turn are linked top other switches.
The design of a multistage switch depends on the number of
stages and the number postages required (or desired) in each
stage.