crosshatch

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(krôs'hăch', krŏs'-) pronunciation
tr.v., -hatched, -hatch·ing, -hatch·es.
To mark or shade with two or more sets of intersecting parallel lines.

n.
  1. A pattern made by such lines.
  2. The symbol (#).
cross-hatching cross'-hatch'ing n.

A criss-crossed pattern used to fill in sections of a drawing to distinguish them from each other.

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Albrecht Dürer, Veronica, engraving, 1513. Example of hatching (e.g., background) and cross-hatching in many darker areas (visible if viewed at full size).
Detail of Veronica

Hatching (hachure in French) is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines. (It is also used in monochromatic heraldic representations to indicate what the tincture of a "full-colour" emblazon would be.) When lines are placed at an angle to one another, it is called cross-hatching.

Hatching is especially important in essentially linear media, such as drawing, and many forms of printmaking, such as engraving, etching and woodcut. In Western art, hatching originated in the Middle Ages, and developed further into cross-hatching, especially in the old master prints of the fifteenth century. Master ES and Martin Schongauer in engraving and Erhard Reuwich and Michael Wolgemut in woodcut were pioneers of both techniques, and Albrecht Dürer in particular perfected the technique of crosshatching in both media. Twenty-first century artist Larry D. Alexander has created and developed a large body of Pen and Ink Drawings using the crosshatching technique since the early 1990's.[1]

Artists use the technique, varying the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines, most commonly in drawing, linear painting and engraving.

Technique

The main concept is that the quantity, thickness and spacing of the lines will affect the brightness of the overall image, and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume. Hatching lines should always follow (i.e. wrap around) the form. By increasing quantity, thickness and closeness, a darker area will result.

An area of shading next to another area which has lines going in another direction is often used to create contrast.

Line work can be used to represent colours, typically by using the same type of hatch to represent particular tones. For example, red might be made up of lightly spaced lines, whereas green could be made of two layers of perpendicular dense lines, resulting in a realistic image.

See also

References


Translations:

Crosshatch

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Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - krydsskravere

Nederlands (Dutch)
kruisarcering aanbrengen

Français (French)
v. tr. - hachurer

Deutsch (German)
v. - kreuzweise schraffieren

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - διαγραμμίζω χιαστί, σκιάζω με διασταυρούμενες γραμμές

Italiano (Italian)
tratteggiare

Português (Portuguese)
v. - hachurar

Русский (Russian)
гравировать перекрестными штрихами

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - sombrear

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - skugga m korsstreck

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
平行线相交之阴影

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 平行線相交之陰影

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 그물눈의 음영을 넣다

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 網目陰影を付ける

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) رسم بخطوط متقاطعه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮קווקו לאורך ולרוחב, קווקו קטע (ברישום)‬


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