crowd

1. A large number of persons gathered together; a throng.
2. The common people; the populace.
3. A group of people united by a common characteristic, as age, interest, or vocation: the over-30 crowd.
4. A group of people attending a public function; an audience: The play drew a small but appreciative crowd.
5. A large number of things positioned or considered together.

1. To congregate in a restricted area; throng: The children crowded around the TV.
2. To advance by pressing or shoving: A bevy of reporters crowded toward the candidate.

1. To force by or as if by pressing or shoving: Police crowded the spectators back to the viewing stand. Urban sprawl crowded the farmers out of the valley.
2. To draw or stand near to: The batter crowded the plate.
3. To press, cram, or force tightly together: crowded the clothes into the closet.
4. To fill or occupy to overflowing: Books crowded the shelves.
5. Informal. To put pressure on, as to pay a debt.

crowd (on) sail Nautical.

1. To spread a large amount of sail to increase speed.

[From Middle English crowden, to crowd, press, from Old English crūdan, to hasten, press.]

SYNONYMS   crowd, crush, flock, horde, mob, press, throng. These nouns denote a large group of people gathered close to one another: a crowd of well-wishers; a crush of autograph seekers; a flock of schoolchildren; a horde of demonstrators; a mob of hard-rock enthusiasts; a press of shoppers; throngs of tourists.

1. An ancient Celtic stringed instrument that was bowed or plucked. Also called crwth.
2. Chiefly British. A fiddle.

[Middle English croud, from Middle Welsh crwth.]

Group of exchange members with a defined area of function tending to congregate around a trading post pending execution of orders. These are specialists, floor traders, odd-lot dealers, and other brokers as well as smaller groups with specialized functions-the Inactive Bond Crowd, for example.

noun

1. An enormous number of persons gathered together: crush, drove, flock, horde, mass, mob, multitude, press, ruck, swarm, throng. See big/small/amount, group.
2. The common people: common (used in plural), commonality, commonalty, commoner (used in plural), hoi polloi, mass (used in plural), mob, pleb (used in plural), plebeian (used in plural), populace, public, ruck, third estate. See over/under.
3. A group of people sharing an interest, activity, or achievement: circle, group, set. See group.
4. A particular social group: circle, clique, coterie, set. Informal bunch, gang. See group.
5. A number of persons who have come or been gathered together: assemblage, assembly, body, company, conclave, conference, congregation, congress, convention, convocation, gathering, group, meeting, muster, troop. Informal get-together. See collect/distribute.
6. A very large number of things grouped together: army, cloud, drove, flock, horde, host, legion, mass, mob, multitude, ruck, score (used in plural), swarm, throng. See big/small/amount, group.

verb

1. To congregate, as around a person: flock, mob, press, throng. See collect/distribute, tighten/loosen.
2. To act on with a steady pushing force: crush, press. See push/pull.
3. To fill to excess by compressing or squeezing tightly: cram, jam, load, mob, pack, stuff. Informal jam-pack. See full/empty/capacity, tighten/loosen.

Definition: assembly
Antonyms: dispersal, scattering

v

Definition: cram, press into area
Antonyms: abandon, leave, retreat

A relatively unstructured mass of people who group together in a given area in a more or less spontaneous way, for a short time, in response to an attraction, such as a sports event.

Panic state developed by chickens, adult birds, sheep in response to perceived attack; group piles up in a corner and many die of suffocation; in horses takes the form of squeezing an attendant against another horse or a stable wall, a common vice in horses which are permanently stabled.

• c. stress — constant low level stress due to insufficient accommodation space per animal.

Tutor's tip: The "crowd" (a group of people with something in common) "crowed" (make a triumphant sound) over their unexpected victory.

Dreaming about being in a crowd can mean many different things. We may have had anxieties about being in crowds as a child, so crowds could simply represent anxiety. We can feel good about being part of the crowd, or unhappy about being part of the herd; we may feel "lost in the crowd" and want to "stand out from the crowd." If people are looking at the dreamer, one could be anxious about public opinion.

Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (September 2009)

For other uses, see Crowd (disambiguation).

This street in Hong Kong is crowded with both people and advertisements.

A crowd of people returning from a show of fireworks spill in to the street stopping traffic at the intersection of Fulton Street and Gold Street in Lower Manhattan. City crowds are surprisingly peaceful considering their size and the potential for chaos.

A crowd leaves the Vienna/Fairfax-GMU station on the Washington Metro on July 4, 2006. The crowd behaves like a granular fluid, and people, having the same aim, are more confined than they would normally choose to be. This induces frustration and loss of manners, possibly up to putting individuals into jeopardy.

A crowd is a group of people. The crowd may have a common purpose or set of emotions, such as at a political rally, at a sports event, or during looting, or simply be made up of many people going about their business in a busy area (eg shopping).

Contents 1 Terminology 2 Social aspects of crowds 3 Social aspects of crowds for adolescent peer groups 4 Psychological aspects of crowds 5 See also 6 Notes and references

Terminology

The term crowd is often defined in contrast to other group nouns for collections of humans or animals: aggregation, audience, group, mass, mob, populous, public, rabble and throng. For example in "Public Opinion"^[1] Vincent Price compares masses and crowds:

Crowds are defined by their shared emotional experiences, but masses are defined by their interpersonal isolation.

In human sociology, the term "mobbed" simply means "extremely crowded", as in a busy mall or shop. In animal behaviour mobbing is a technique where many individuals of one species "gang up" on a larger individual of another species to drive them away. Mobbing behaviour is often seen in birds.

Social aspects of crowds

Social aspects are concerned with the formation, management and control of crowds, both from the point of view of individuals and groups. Often crowd control is designed to persuade a crowd to align with a particular view (e.g., political rallies), or to contain groups to prevent damage or mob behaviour. Politically organised crowd control is usually conducted by law enforcement but on some occasions military forces are used for particularly large or dangerous crowds.

Social aspects of crowds for adolescent peer groups

Adolescent culture is a relatively new feature of society, affecting most teenagers in the United States since the 1930’s ^[2]. The research on adolescent culture began with the search for identities: who the adolescents and their peer groups are and the differences and how adolescent culture differed from adult culture ^[3]. Many researchers are making efforts to develop an understanding of the functions of crowds ^[4]. But the findings are complicated due to multiple definitions of the crowd. Now in adolescence, peer affiliation becomes more important than ever before ^[5]. Youths tend to categorize themselves and each other based on stereotypes and reputations ^[6]. These categories are known in the developmental psychology literature as peer crowds ^[7]. Crowds are defined as reputation based collectives of similarly stereotyped individuals who may or may not spend much time together ^[8]. Crowds also refer to collectives of adolescents identified by the interests, attitudes, abilities, and/or personal characteristics they have in common ^[9]. Crowds are different from cliques, which are interaction based peer groups who hang out together ^[10]. Crowds are not simply clusters of cliques; the two different structures serve entirely different purposes ^[11]. Because the clique is based on activity and friendship, it is the important setting in which the adolescent learns social skills like how to be a good friend and how to communicate effectively ^[12]. These and other social skills are important in adulthood as well as in adolescence ^[13]. Crowds are based on reputation and stereotypes than on interaction; they probably contribute more to the adolescent sense of identity and self-conception ^[14]. For example jocks and burnouts are more likely to be interaction based than such crowds as loners and nerds ^[15].

Psychological aspects of crowds

Psychological aspects are concerned with the psychology of the crowd as a group and the psychology of those who allow their will and emotions to be informed by the crowd (both discussed more comprehensively under crowd psychology), and other individual responses to crowd such as crowd-sickness, claustrophobia and agoraphobia.

See also

• Agent-based social simulation
• Crowd psychology
• Group behavior
• Flocking (behavior)

Notes and references

1. ^ Public Opinion By Carroll J. Glynn, Susan Herbst, Garrett J. O'Keefe, Robert Y. Shapiro
2. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
3. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
4. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
5. ^ Nejra Bešić & Margaret Kerr (2009). Punks, Goths, and Other Eye-Catching Peer Crowds: Do they Fulfill a Function for Shy Youths? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(1), 113-121.
6. ^ Nejra Bešić & Margaret Kerr (2009). Punks, Goths, and Other Eye-Catching Peer Crowds: Do they Fulfill a Function for Shy Youths? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(1), 113-121.
7. ^ Nejra Bešić & Margaret Kerr (2009). Punks, Goths, and Other Eye-Catching Peer Crowds: Do they Fulfill a Function for Shy Youths? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(1), 113-121.
8. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
9. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
10. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.
11. ^ Sternberg, Laurence (2008). Adolescence. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
12. ^ Sternberg, Laurence (2008). Adolescence. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
13. ^ Sternberg, Laurence (2008). Adolescence. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
14. ^ Sternberg, Laurence (2008). Adolescence. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15. ^ Jennifer Riedl Cross & Kathryn L. Fletcher (2008). The Challenge of Adolescent Crowd Research: Defining the Crowd. Journal of Youth Adolescence.

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - folkemængde, opløb, tilskuerskare, klike, flok, den brede befolkning, mængde
v. intr. - stimle sammen, skubbe sig igennem
v. tr. - drive sammen, fylde til overflod, mase sig ind på, chikanere, sammentrænge

idioms:

• crowd in    trænge sig på
• crowd out    lukke ude, skubbe til side
• crowd pleaser    folkelig kunstner
• crowd puller    trækplaster

2.
n. - keltisk strengeinstrument

Nederlands (Dutch)
menigte, publiek, team, de massa, grote hoeveelheid, Keltisch snaarinstrument, acteurs die een mensenmenigte nabootsen, samendrommen, binnendringen, proppen, vol zijn (b.v. met mensen), agressief naderen, helemaal vullen, onder druk zetten, aanmoedigen, alle zeilen bijzetten, drom, kring

Français (French)
1.
n. - (gén) foule, (Sport) spectateurs, bande
v. intr. - s'entasser dans, se presser en foule par (porte, portillon), (fig) se presser dans (esprit, mémoire)
v. tr. - serrer, entasser, remplir, bourrer, (Sport) tasser (un concurrent), (US) importuner (un débiteur)

idioms:

• crowd in    s'entasser, (fig) oppresser qn, (fig) assaillir qn (mémoire), entasser (gens, animaux), accumuler (mots, lignes), encercler qn
• crowd out    évincer
• crowd pleaser    attirer la foule, attraction
• crowd puller    vedette (personne), (tenir) la vedette, grosse attraction

2.
n. - (Mus) ancien instrument à cordes celtique

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Menschenmenge, Zuschauermenge, Haufen
v. - drängen, vollstopfen

idioms:

• crowd in    sich hineindrängen
• crowd out    herausdrängen
• crowd pleaser    Publikumsliebling
• crowd puller    Attraktion

2.
n. - Crwth, Crewth (altkeltisches Saiteninstrument)

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - πλήθος, κοσμοπλημμύρα
v. - συνωθώ/-ούμαι, στοιβάζω/-ομαι, στριμώχνω/-ομαι, (καθομ.) πιέζω, ζορίζω

idioms:

• crowd in    στριμώχνω, συνωθούμαι
• crowd out    παραγκωνίζω
• crowd pleaser    άτομο ή αντικείμενο με ευρεία λαϊκή αποδοχή
• crowd puller    πρόσωπο, αντικείμενο ή γεγονός που προσελκύει μεγάλο πλήθος

Italiano (Italian)
folla, cerchia, pubblico, concorso

idioms:

• crowd in    affollarsi
• crowd out    lasciar fuori
• crowd pleaser    populista, demagogo
• crowd puller    attrazione di grande richiamo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - multidão (f), ajuntamento (m), companhia (f) (familiar)
v. - aglomerar, empurrar, forçar as velas (Náut.)

idioms:

• crowd in    incluir pela força dos números
• crowd out    excluir pela força dos números
• crowd pleaser    pessoa (f) que atrai grande público
• crowd puller    peça (f) que atrai grande público

Русский (Russian)
толпа, компания, публика, толпиться, скапливаться

idioms:

• crowd in    нахлынуть
• crowd out    вытеснить
• crowd pleaser    любимец публики
• crowd puller    любимец публики, популярный

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - multitud, muchedumbre, pandilla, grupo, aglomeración, público, reunión
v. intr. - aglomerarse, reunirse
v. tr. - aglomerar, reunir

idioms:

• crowd in    entrar en tropel, invadir
• crowd out    salir en tropel, hacer salir, excluir
• crowd pleaser    que complace al público
• crowd puller    gran atracción, orador muy popular

2.
n. - multitud, muchedumbre, pandilla, grupo, aglomeración, público, reunión, antiguo instrumento de cuerdas de origen celta

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - folkmassa, trängsel, gäng (vard.), hel mängd
v. - trängas, tränga sig, strömma till i skaror, packa/proppa full, överlasta, ansätta

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 人群, 一堆, 许多, 一伙, 一帮, 大众, 挤, 拥挤, 聚集, 挤满, 催促, 将...塞进, 催逼

idioms:

• crowd in    向前挤
• crowd out    押出, 挤出, 挤掉
• crowd pleaser    吸引人的事物, 吸引人的人
• crowd puller    吸引人的事物, 吸引人的人

2. 克鲁斯琴, 小提琴, 小提琴家

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 克魯斯琴, 小提琴, 小提琴家

2.
n. - 人群, 一堆, 許多, 一伙, 一幫, 大眾
v. intr. - 擠, 擁擠, 聚集
v. tr. - 擠滿, 催促, 將...塞進, 催逼

idioms:

• crowd in    向前擠
• crowd out    押出, 擠出, 擠掉
• crowd pleaser    吸引人的事物, 吸引人的人
• crowd puller    吸引人的事物, 吸引人的人

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 군중, 대중, 패거리
v. intr. - 떼지어 모이다, 밀어닥치다
v. tr. - 빽빽이 들어차다, 강요하다

idioms:

• crowd in    쇄도하다
• crowd out    밀어 젖히다

2.
n. - 바이올린 비슷한 고대 켈트인의 현악기

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 群衆, 人込み, 大衆, 民衆, たくさんの物, グループ, 仲間, 群集
v. - 群がる, 押し寄せる, 押し込む

idioms:

• crowd in    群がる, 殺到する
• crowd out    締め出す, 押し出す
• crowd pleaser    エンターテイナー
• crowd puller    呼び物

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حشد, تجمع, جمهور, زحام (فعل) احتشد, تجمع‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮קהל, ערימה, חבורה, מספר (דברים) גדול‬
v. intr. - ‮הצטופף, מילא, נגש, התקהל, פילס לעצמו דרך‬
v. tr. - ‮לחץ על, דחס, מילא, נגש, הקהיל, פילס לעצמו דרך‬
n. - ‮כלי-מיתרים קלטי עתיק‬

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