A full timeline is very hard to piece together and would likely be hundreds of pages long. However I will make an attempt at touching some highlights:

1822, Difference Engine #1, London England, special purpose mechanical digital computer (never built).
1837, Analytical Engine, London England, programmable mechanical digital computer (never built).
1849, Difference Engine #2, London England, special purpose mechanical digital computer (not built until 1991 by the London Science Museum).
1931, Bush Differential Analyzer, MIT, programmable mechanical analog computer.
1931, Mark XV Norden Bombsight, Carl L. Norden Company, special purpose electromechanical analog computer (gravity bomb fall solution).
1938, Zuse Z1, Germany, programmable mechanical digital computer (floating point).
1941, Zuse Z3, Germany, programmable electromechanical digital computer (floating point).
1942, ABC, University of Iowa Ames Iowa, special purpose electronic digital computer (array/vector processor solving simultaneous equations up to 29 variables).
1943, Torpedo Data Computer (TDC) Mark IV, Arma Corporation, special purpose electromechanical analog computer (submarine torpedo aiming solution).
1944, Colossus Mark I, Bletchley Park, programmable electronic digital computer (cryptanalytic).
1944, Harvard Mark I, Harvard, programmable electromechanical digital computer.
1945, Zuse Z4, Germany, programmable electromechanical digital computer (floating point).
1946, ENIAC, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania, programmable electronic digital computer.
1948, Manchester Baby, Victoria University of Manchester, programmable electronic digital computer (first computer built using a stored program).
1949, CSIRAC, Australia, programmable electronic digital computer.
1951, UNIVAC I, Remington Rand, programmable electronic digital computer.
1951, UNIVAC 1101, Remington Rand, programmable electronic digital computer.
1952, IBM 701, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer.
1953, IBM 702, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer.
1953, UNIVAC 1103, Remington Rand, programmable electronic digital computer.
1953, IBM 650, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer.
1954, IBM 704, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer (first US computer w/ floating point).
1954, IBM NORC, IBM, programmable electronic digital supercomputer (usually credited as being the first supercomputer).
1956, IBM 705 Model I, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer.
1956, IBM 305 RAMAC, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer (w/ the first harddisk, the IBM 350).
1957, UNIVAC 1104, Remington Rand, ruggedized programmable electronic digital computer (designed for the BOMARC missile but never used, replaced by a version of the AN/USQ-20, designated the G-40).
1958, AN/FSQ-7, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer (part of the air force's SAGE air defense system, the largest computer ever built).
1959, DEC PDP-1, DEC, programmable electronic digital computer (the first computer sold that focused on user interaction rather than just efficient use of computer time).
1960, UNIVAC LARC, Sperry Rand, programmable electronic digital supercomputer (designed as a dual CPU computer but neither of the 2 systems built had the second CPU).
1961, IBM 7030 Stretch, IBM, programmable electronic digital supercomputer, failed to meet its ambitious performance goals (100 times the speed of an IBM 704) so considered a failure and withdrawn from production with only 9 machines built, however it introduced many concepts and features present in many modern computers: the byte, memory protection, generalized interrupts, cache memory, instruction pipelining, prefetch and decoding, memory bank interleaving, etc.
1961, AN/USQ-20, Sperry Rand, ruggedized programmable electronic digital computer.
1962, UNIVAC 1107, Sperry Rand, programmable electronic digital computer.
1962, D-17B the Minuteman I missile guidance computer, Autonetics Division of North American Aviation, ruggedized programmable electronic digital computer.
1964, IBM System 360, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer.
1964, CDC 6600, Control Data Corporation, programmable electronic digital supercomputer, with over 600 systems built it is considered to be the first mass produced supercomputer.
1964, D-37C the Minuteman II missile guidance computer, Autonetics Division of North American Aviation, ruggedized programmable electronic digital computer.
1965, DEC PDP-8, DEC, programmable electronic digital computer (several versions small enough to fit on a desktop).
1966, Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC), MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, ruggedized programmable electronic digital computer (moon landings).
1971, IBM System 370, IBM, programmable electronic digital computer (used writable microcode storage, introduced the first floppy disc as a method of loading this microcode storage with microinstructions when the machine was turned on).
1971, Intel 4004, Intel, first microprocessor available to the public.
1974, STAR-100, Control Data Corporation, programmable electronic digital supercomputer (vector processor).
1976, Cray-1, Cray Research, programmable electronic digital supercomputer (vector processor).
1977, DEC VAX, DEC, programmable electronic digital computer (usually considered the pinnacle of the CISC architecture machines).

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