An avulsion fracture is when the bony attachment of a muscle
(via the tendon) cracks the bone such that the end of the tendon is
dangling with the piece of bone where it was attached. In other
words, its like when you peel tape off the wall and the paint comes
with it.
The cuboid is one of the "tarsal" bones that shape the center of
your foot. However, since no tendons attach to it ,an avulsion of
the cuboid would involve a piece torn off of it by one of its
ligaments.