All the above

Acculturation

The adoption of an aspect of one culture by a person of another culture.

Cultural appropriation refers to the adoption or use of elements from a culture by members of another culture without proper understanding or respect for its significance. It often involves taking aspects of a minority culture without permission, commodifying them, or using them in inappropriate ways, leading to negative impacts on the original culture.

Positive effects of tourism on culture include cultural exchange, preservation of traditions, and economic opportunities. However, negative effects can include cultural appropriation, loss of authenticity, and over-commercialization of cultural practices.