cyst

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A cavity lined with epithelium and filled with fluid or a semi-solid substance, usually formed as a result of a pathological process in a tissue or organ. Cysts or cyst-like structures can form as a result of soft tissue sports injuries (for example, a meniscal tear). A swelling similar to a cyst can develop when a large muscle haematoma fails to reabsorb. Treatment may involve surgical removal of the cyst or drainage of the excess fluid under sterile conditions.

An abnormal saclike structure that develops in the body and is filled with fluid or semisolid material.

Tutor's tip: At the "cist" (ancient burial site) surrounded by "schist" (a mineral-laden rock), he "sissed" (past tense of siss) when he first felt the "cyst" (a harmless growth in the body) on the back of his neck.

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1. any saclike structure, generally of a pathological nature, comprising a central cavity lined with epithelium and containing fluid or semisolid material.
2. the capsule enclosing a dormant larva or spore.

1. a closed epithelium-lined sac or capsule containing a liquid or semi-solid substance. Most cysts are harmless but they occasionally may change into malignant growths, become infected, or obstruct a gland. There are four main types of cysts: retention cysts, exudation cysts, embryonic cysts and parasitic cysts. See also specific locations and organs.
2. a stage in the life cycle of certain parasites, during which they are enveloped in a protective wall. See also cystic.

• aneurysmal c. — see bone cyst.
• blood c's — these are found in the carcasses of poultry at meat inspection. They are small round cystic lesions containing blood. They are hemangiomas.
• branchial c., branchiogenic c., branchiogenous c. — one formed from an incompletely closed branchial cleft. See also branchial cyst.
• cervical c's — retention cysts of glands in the uterine cervix in the cow, are palpable as fluctuating masses on rectal examination. Called also nabothian cyst or follicle.
• chocolate c. — one filled with hemosiderin following local hemorrhage.
• cutaneous c. — see epidermal cyst, dermoid cyst, follicular cyst, sebaceous cyst.
• daughter c. — one that develops within a parent cyst, e.g. hydatid cyst.
• dentigerous c. — see dental cyst.
• echinococcus c. — hydatid cyst.
• embryonic c. — one developing from bits of embryonic tissue that have been overgrown by other tissues, or from developing organs that normally disappear before birth. An example is a branchial cyst.
• epidermal inclusion c. — see epithelial inclusion.
• exudation c. — a cyst formed by the slow seepage of an exudate into a closed cavity.
• fatty c. — formed when fat accumulates in large amounts and the cells break down forming a central mass of lipid surrounded by a multinuclear rim.
• follicular c. — one due to occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland, especially one formed by enlargement of a graafian follicle as a result of accumulated transudate.
• Gartner's duct c. — see cystic gartner's ducts.
• horn c. — intracutaneous cystic accumulations of keratin. Seen in trichoepitheliomas and basal cell tumors. Called also keratin cyst.
• hybrid c. — one combining elements of epidermoid and trichilemmal cysts.
• hydatid c. — the larval stage (metacestode) of the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. See also hydatid disease.
• inclusion c. — see epidermal cyst.
• interdigital c's — see pododermatitis; interdigital pyoderma.
• keratin c. — one arising in the pilosebaceous apparatus, lined by stratified squamous epithelium and containing largely macerated keratin and often sufficient sebum to render the contents greasy and often rancid.
• lateral cervical c. — see branchial cyst.
• luteal c's — develop from ovarian follicles which fail to rupture but have a lining of luteal cells. Anestrus is the presenting clinical sign.
• marine fish c's — worldwide occurrence in fish of round nodules in fibrous capsules; the cause is unknown.
• meibomian c. — see chalazion.
• mesenteric c. — congenital, thin-walled cyst between the leaves of the mesentery; may enlarge and cause colic or even intestinal obstruction.
• c. mites — see laminosioptes cysticola.
• c. of Morgagni — see morgagni's hydatid.
• nabothian c. — see cervical cyst (above).
• orbital c. — see mucocele.
• ovarian c. — see cystic ovarian disease.
• parasitic c. — one forming around larval parasites (tapeworms, amebae, trichinae) that enter the body.
• pseudohorn c. — invagination of hyperplastic epidermis; not a true cyst.
• retention c. — a tumor-like accumulation of a secretion formed when the outlet of a secreting gland is obstructed. These cysts may develop in any of the secretory glands—the mammae, pancreas, kidney, salivary or sebaceous glands, and mucous membranes. See also renal retention cysts.
• sarcosporidian c's — cylindrical cysts (schizonts) containing bradyzoites, found in the muscles of those infected with Sarcocystis spp.
• subconjunctival c., conjunctival c. — misplaced secretory tissue which causes a slowly enlarging, fluctuant subconjunctival mass.
• uveal c. — an acquired or congenital structure which may arise from the iris or the ciliary body. Visible as a mass attached to the iris or may be floating freely in the anterior chamber. Those arising from the ciliary body may not be visible. Seen most commonly in horses. See also iris cyst.
• vitelline c. — a congenital cyst lined with ciliated epithelium occurring along the gastrointestinal canal; the remains of the omphalomesenteric duct.

A pathologic space in bone or soft tissue containing fluid or semifluid material and, in the oral regions, almost always lined by epithelium.

• Afflictions and Conditions - cyst: any of various abnormal, liquid-filled sacs lined with epithelium, due to blocked duct, tumor, or congenital problem
• Signs and Symptoms - cyst: abnormal sac or cavity lined with epithelium and filled with liquid or semisolid substance
• Botany and Plant Parts - cyst: sporelike cell with resistant, protective wall

This article is about cysts in the body. For the ICAO airport code CYST, see St. Theresa Point Airport. For hard-shelled resting stages of some small organisms, see Microbial cyst.

Cyst
Classification and external resources
Micrograph of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. H&E stain.
MedlinePlus	003240
MeSH	D003560

A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared to the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.

Contents 1 Types 1.1 Cystic fibrosis 2 Cystic neoplasm 3 Treatment 4 Related structures 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Types

• Acne cyst – Pseudocysts associated with cystic acne. Actually an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst.
• Aneurysmal bone cyst (Aggressive lesion with radiographic cystic appearance)^[1]
• Arachnoid cyst (between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane)
• Baker's cyst or popliteal cyst (behind the knee joint)
• Bartholin's cyst
• Breast cyst
• Buccal bifurcation cyst^[2]
• Calcifying odontogenic cyst
• Chalazion cyst (eyelid)
• Chocolate cyst
• Choroid plexus cyst (brain)
• Colloid cyst
• Cysticercal cyst (the larval stage of Taenia sp. (Crain's backs))
• Dentigerous cyst (associated with the crowns of non-erupted teeth)
• Dermoid cyst (ovaries, testes, many other locations from head to tailbone)
• Epididymal cyst (found in the vessels attached to the testes)
• Ganglion cyst (hand/foot joints and tendons)
• Glandular odontogenic cyst
• Glial cyst (in the brain)
• Gartner's duct cyst (vaginal or vulvar cyst of embryological origin)
• Hydatid cyst (larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm))
• Hydrocele (testicle)
• Keratocyst (in the jaws, these can appear solitary or associated with the Gorlin-Goltz or Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The latest World Health Organization classification considers Keratocysts as tumors rather than cysts)
• Liver cystic disease
• Meibomian cyst (eyelid)
• Mucoid cyst (ganglion cysts of the digits)
• Mucous cyst of the oral mucosa
• Nabothian cyst (cervix)
• Nasolabial duct cyst
• Odontogenic cyst (teeth)
• Ovarian cyst (ovaries, functional and pathological)
• Pancreatic cyst
• Paradental cyst
• Parapelvic cyst (kidney)^[3]
• Paratubal cyst (fallopian tube)
• Periapical cyst (This cyst, also known as radicular cyst, is the most common odontogenic cyst)
• Pericardial cyst^[4]
• Peritoneal cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity)
• Pilar cyst (cyst of the scalp)
• Pilonidal cyst (skin infection near tailbone)
• Renal cyst (kidneys)
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Pineal gland cyst
• Radicular cyst (associated with the roots of non-vital teeth, also known as periapical cyst)
• Residual cyst
• Sebaceous cyst (sac below skin)
• Spermatocele (testicle)
• Stafne static bone cyst (An anatomic variant with radiographic cystic appearance in the posterior mandible)
• Tarlov cyst (spine)
• Trichilemmal cyst – Same as a pilar cyst. A familial cyst of the scalp.
• Vocal fold cyst

Cystic fibrosis

Despite being described in 1938 as the microscopic appearance of cysts in the pancreas,^[5] cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disorder whose name is related to fibrosis of the cystic duct and does not involve actual cysts.^[6]

Cystic neoplasm

Most cysts in the body are benign (dysfunctional) tumors, the result of plugged ducts or other natural body outlets for secretions. However sometimes these masses are considered neoplasm:

• Dermoid cyst
• Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
• Calcifying odontogenic cyst

Treatment

Treatment ranges from simple enucleation of the cyst to curettage to resection. There are cysts, e.g. buccal bifurcation cyst with self-resolation nature, in which close observation only can be employed unless the cyst is infected and symptomatic.^[2]

Related structures

A pseudocyst is collection without a distinct membrane.

A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a cyst.

See also

• List of cutaneous conditions

References

1. ^ Zadik, Yehuda; Aktaş Alper; Drucker Scott; Nitzan W Dorrit (2012). "Aneurysmal bone cyst of mandibular condyle: A case report and review of the literature". J Craniomaxillofac Surg 40. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2011.10.026. PMID 22118925. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010518211002551. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Zadik Y, Yitschaky O, Neuman T, Nitzan DW (May 2011). "On the Self-Resolution Nature of the Buccal Bifurcation Cyst". J Oral Maxillofac Surg 20 (5): e15. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.124. PMID 21571416. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WKF-52VP3D1-6&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F14%2F2011&_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236905%239999%23999999999%2399999%23FLA%23display%23Articles)&_cdi=6905&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=207&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=47e40681e02990c1d46b7f818fe30630&searchtype=a. 
3. ^ Parapelvic cyst
4. ^ Pericardial cyst
5. ^ Anderson, D.H. (1938). "Cyst leiesic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease". Am J Dis Child 56: 344–399. 
6. ^ Greenholz SK, Krishnadasan B, Marr C, Cannon R (1997). "Biliary obstruction in infants with cystic fibrosis requiring Kasai portoenterostomy". J. Pediatr. Surg. 32 (2): 175–9; discussion 179–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90174-3. PMID 9044117. 

External links

• "Cyst Symptoms and Causes" by Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD and William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR.

v t e Pathology: Tumor, Neoplasm, Cancer, and Oncology (C00–D48, 140–239) Conditions Benign tumors Hyperplasia Cyst Pseudocyst Hamartoma Malignant progression Dysplasia Carcinoma in situ Cancer Metastasis Topography Head/Neck (Oral, Nasopharyngeal) Digestive system Respiratory system Bone Skin Blood Urogenital Nervous system Endocrine system Histology Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Papilloma Adenoma Other Precancerous condition Paraneoplastic syndrome Staging/grading TNM Ann Arbor Prostate cancer staging Gleason Grading System Dukes classification Carcinogenesis Cancer cell Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Cancer bacteria Misc. Research List of oncology-related terms History Cancer pain M: NEO tsoc, mrkr tumr, epon, para drug (L1i/1e/V03)

v t e Health science - Medicine - Cystic diseases Respiratory system Langerhans cell histiocytosis  · Lymphangiomyomatosis · Cystic bronchiectasis Skin stratified squamous: follicular infundibulum (Epidermoid cyst/Proliferating epidermoid cyst · Milia · Eruptive vellus hair cyst) · outer root sheath (Trichilemmal cyst/Pilar cyst/Proliferating trichilemmal cyst/Malignant trichilemmal cyst) · sebacious duct (Steatocystoma multiplex/Steatocystoma simplex) · Keratocyst nonstratified squamous: Cutaneous ciliated cyst · Hidrocystoma no epithelium: Pseudocyst of the auricle · Mucocele other/ungrouped: Cutaneous columnar cyst · Keratin implantation cyst · Verrucous cyst Adenoid cystic carcinoma · Breast cyst Musculoskeletal system Cystic hygroma Digestive system liver: Polycystic liver disease · Congenital hepatic fibrosis · Peliosis hepatis bile duct: Biliary hamartomas · Caroli disease · Choledochal cysts · Bile duct hamartoma Nervous system Cystic leukoencephalopathy Genitourinary system Polycystic kidney disease (Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney)  · Medullary cystic kidney disease (Nephronophthisis)  · Congenital cystic dysplasia Other conditions Hydatid cyst · Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome · Tuberous sclerosis

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - cyste, blæreagtig svulst

Nederlands (Dutch)
cyste

Français (French)
n. - kyste

Deutsch (German)
n. - Zyste, Wassergeschwulst

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (φυσιολ., μτφ.) κύστη

Italiano (Italian)
cisti

Português (Portuguese)
n. - quisto (m) (Med.), vesícula (f) (Biol.)

Русский (Russian)
киста, циста

Español (Spanish)
n. - quiste

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - cysta, urinblåsa

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
包囊, 囊肿, 膀胱

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 包囊, 囊腫, 膀胱

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 낭포, 낭, 포낭

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 嚢胞, 被覆体

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) كيس به مادة متقيحه (طب)‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮שלפוחית, שלחוף, כיסתה, ציסטה‬

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