Results for dapsone
On this page:
 
Dictionary:

dapsone

  (dăp'sōn', -zōn') pronunciation
n.

An antibacterial drug, C12H12N2O2S, used primarily to treat leprosy and some forms of dermatitis.

[D(I)–1 + A(MINO)– + (DI)P(HENYL) + S(ULF)ONE.]


 
 
Dental Dictionary: dapsone

n
DDS

trade name: Avlosulfon; drug class: leprostatic, antibacterial; action: bactericidal and bacteriostatic against M. leprae; may also be immunosuppressant; uses: leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis.

 
Drug Info: Dapsone

Brand names: Aczone™

Chemical formula:



Dapsone tablets

What are dapsone tablets?

DAPSONE (DDS) is an antiinfective medicine. Dapsone treats leprosy (Hansen's disease) and helps to control a skin problem called dermatitis herpetiformis. Certain other conditions may also respond to treatment with dapsone. Generic dapsone tablets are available.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
• anemia
• glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
• liver disease
• an unusual or allergic reaction to dapsone, sulfonamides, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

How should I take this medicine?

Take dapsone tablets by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Swallow tablets with a drink of water. If dapsone upsets your stomach take it with food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Finish the full course prescribed by your prescriber or health care professional even if you think your condition is better. Do not stop taking except on your prescriber's advice.

What if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.

What drug(s) may interact with dapsone?

• bosentan
• didanosine, ddI
• fluorouracil, 5-FU
• imatinib, STI-571
• methotrexate
• prilocaine
• probenecid
• pyrimethamine
• rifampin
• trimethoprim
• trimetrexate
• zidovudine, ZDV

Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.

What should I watch for while taking dapsone?

You must visit your prescriber or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. If you are being treated for dermatitis herpetiformis tell your prescriber or health care professional if your symptoms do not improve in a few days. If you are being treated for leprosy your symptoms should start to improve in 2 to 3 months. The treatment for leprosy can take years, make sure you continue to take dapsone at regular intervals.

If you get a fever or sore throat do not treat yourself. These symptoms can indicate a serious reaction. Call your prescriber or health care professional for advice.

If you are taking dapsone for dermatitis herpetiformis you may need to have a gluten-free diet. Ask your prescriber or health care professional for advice about this diet.

If your skin gets more sensitive to sunlight, keep out of the sun or wear protective clothing outdoors and use a sunscreen. Do not use sun lamps or sun tanning beds or booths. If your eyes are more sensitive to light wear sunglasses.

What side effects may I notice from taking dapsone?

Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:
• blood in urine
• bluish fingernails or lips
• dark yellow or brown urine
• decrease or increase in the amount of urine passed
• difficulty breathing
• fever or chills, sore throat
• lower back pain
• pale skin
• skin rash, redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of skin
• stomach pain
• tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands or feet
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• unusual weakness or tiredness
• yellowing of they eyes or skin

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• nausea, vomiting
• loss of appetite
• increased sensitivity to sun or ultraviolet light

Where can I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children in a container that small children cannot open.

Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light. Keep container well closed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

Last updated: 9/29/2004 12:33:00 PM

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.

 
Veterinary Dictionary: dapsone

An antibacterial used in humans for the treatment of leprosy and malaria. Used in cats to treat mycobacterial infections, particularly feline leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

 
Wikipedia: dapsone
Dapsone.svg
Dapsone3d.png
Dapsone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4,4'sulfonyldianiline
Identifiers
CAS number 80-08-0
ATC code J04BA02
PubChem 2955
DrugBank APRD00345
Chemical data
Formula C12H12N2O2S 
Mol. mass 248.302 gmol-1
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 70 to 80%
Protein binding 70 to 90%
Metabolism Hepatic (mostly CYP2E1-mediated)
Half life 20 to 30 hours
Excretion Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

B2(AU) C(US)
Legal status

℞-only (U.S.), POM (UK)
Routes Oral

Dapsone(diamino-diphenyl sulphone) is an pharmacological medication most commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine as multidrug therapy (MDT) for the treatment of Mycobacterium leprae infections (leprosy).


History

In the early 20th century the German chemist Paul Ehrlich was developing theories of selective toxicity based largely on the ability of certain dyes to kill microbes. Gerhard Domagk, who would later win a Nobel Prize for his efforts, made a major breakthrough in 1932 with the discovery of the antibacterial prontosil red. Further investigation into the active chemicals involved led to the discoveries both of dapsone and of the antibacterial sulfonamides.[1]

Mechanism of action

As an antibacterial, dapsone inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. Though structurally distinct from dapsone, the sulfonamide group of antibacterial drugs also work in this way.

When used for the treatment of skin conditions in which bacteria do not have a role, the mechanism or action of dapsone is less well understood.

Indications

As well as being used in leprosy dapsone can also be used to treat dermatitis herpetiformis and other skin conditions including lichen planus. It is also sometimes used to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) in patients with HIV and to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. It is used prophylactically to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in patients unable to tolerate trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole.[1]

Administration

Dapsone is administered orally as a 100mg tablet or alternatively as 25mg tablets.

Adverse effects

Effects on the blood

The most prominent side effects of this drug are dose-related hemolysis (which may lead to hemolytic anemia) and methemoglobinemia.[2] Agranulocytosis occurs rarely when dapsone is used alone but more frequently in combination regimens for malaria prophylaxis.[3] Abnormalities in white blood cell formation, including aplastic anaemia, are rare but the cause of the majority of deaths due to dapsone therapy.[4][5][6]

Effects on the liver

Toxic hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice have been reported by the manufacturer. Jaundice may also occur as part of the dapsone reaction or dapsone syndrome (see below). Dapsone is also known to inhibit the Cytochrome P450 system.

Other adverse effects

Other adverse effects include nausea, headache, and rash, which are common, and insomnia, psychosis and peripheral neuropathy. Effects on the lung occur rarely and may be serious though are generally reversible.[7]

Dapsone reaction

Hypersensitivity reactions occur in some patients. This reaction may be more frequent in patients receiving multiple drug therapy.[8][9][10]

The reaction always involves a rash and may also include fever, jaundice, and eosinophilia.[11][12][13][14][15] These symptoms will generally occur within the first six weeks of therapy or not at all, and may be ameliorated by corticosteroid therapy.[1]

Specific considerations

Certain patients are at higher risks of adverse effects when using dapsone. Some specific issues which should be considered are:[1]

  • Related to the liver (obtain liver function tests before starting therapy):
    • Liver impairment
  • Related to allergy:
    • Sulfonamide allergy is associated with dapsone allergy

References

  1. ^ a b c Rossi S, ed. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3
  2. ^ Jopling WH. Side-effects of antileprosy drugs in common use. Lepr Rev 1983; 54: 261–70.
  3. ^ Firkin FC, Mariani AF. Agranulocytosis due to dapsone. Med J Aust 1977; 2: 247–51.
  4. ^ Foucauld J, et al. Dapsone and aplastic anemia. Ann Intern Med 1985; 102: 139.
  5. ^ Meyerson MA, Cohen PR. Dapsone-induced aplastic anaemia in a woman with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69: 1159–62.
  6. ^ Björkman A, Phillips-Howard PA. Adverse reactions to sulfa drugs: implications for malaria chemotherapy. Bull WHO 1991; 69: 297–304.
  7. ^ Jaffuel D, et al. Eosinophilic pneumonia induced by dapsone. BMJ 1998; 317: 181.
  8. ^ Richardus JH, Smith TC. Increased incidence in leprosy of hypersensitivity reactions to dapsone after introduction of multidrug therapy. Lepr Rev 1989; 60: 267–73.
  9. ^ Kumar RH, et al. Dapsone syndrome—a five year retrospective analysis. Indian J Lepr 1998; 70: 271–6.
  10. ^ Rao PN, Lakshmi TSS. Increase in the incidence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome—an appraisal. Lepr Rev 2001; 72: 57–62.
  11. ^ Joseph MS. Hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone. Lepr Rev 1985; 56: 315–20.
  12. ^ Jamrozik K. Dapsone syndrome occurring in two brothers. Lepr Rev 1986; 57: 57–62.
  13. ^ Hortaleza AR, et al. Dapsone syndrome in a Filipino man. Lepr Rev 1995; 66: 307–13.
  14. ^ Tomecki KJ, Catalano CJ. Dapsone hypersensitivity: the sulfone syndrome revisited. Arch Dermatol 1981; 117: 38–9.
  15. ^ Kromann NP, et al. The dapsone syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118: 531–2.

External links

Antimycobacterials (J04)
Tuberculosis/
tuberculosis treatment		 Aminosalicylic acid (Calcium aminosalicylate, Sodium aminosalicylate) • Antibiotics (Amikacin, Capreomycin, Cycloserine, Kanamycin, Rifabutin, Rifampicin, Rifamycin, Rifapentin, Streptomycin) • hydrazides (Isoniazid) • thiocarbamides (Ethionamide, Protionamide, Tiocarlide) • Others (Ethambutol, Morinamide, Pyrazinamide, Terizidone)
Leprosy Aldesulfone sodium • Clofazimine • Dapsone • Rifampicin

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 

Join the WikiAnswers Q&A community. Post a question or answer questions about "dapsone" at WikiAnswers.

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Drug Info. Gold Standard. Copyright © 2008 by Gold Standard. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. The Veterinary Dictionary. Copyright © 2007 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dapsone".  Read more

Search for answers directly from your browser with the FREE Answers.com Toolbar!  
Click here to download now. 

Get Answers your way! Check out all our free tools and products.

On this page:   E-mail   print Print  Link  

 

Keep Reading

Mentioned In:

 |  More >More >
 

Do you have the answers?