In Gallo-Roman religion, Sequana was the goddess of the river Seine, particularly the springs at the source of the Seine,
and the Gaulish tribe the Sequani. The springs, called
the Fontes Sequanae ("The Springs of Sequana") are located in a valley in the Chatillon Plateau,
to the north-west of Dijon in Burgundy, and it was here, in the
2nd or 1st Century BC, that a healing shrine was established. The sanctuary was later taken over the by Romans, who built two temples, a colonnaded precinct and other related structures centred on the spring and
pool. Many dedications were made to Sequana at her temple, including a large pot inscribed with her name and filled with bronze
and silver models of parts of human bodies to be cured by her. Wooden and stone images of limbs, internal organs, heads and
complete bodies were offered to her in the hope of a cure, as well as numerous coins and items of jewellery. Respiratory
illnesses and eye diseases were common. Pilgrims were frequently depicted as carrying offerings to the goddess, including money,
fruit or a favourite pet dog or bird.
Representations
A large bronze statue of a woman, draped in a long gown and with a diadem on her head, is believed to represent Sequana (Deyts p.74). She stands on a
boat, the prow of which is shaped like the head of a duck. The statue
is now in the Musée Archeologique de Dijon.
Inscriptions
Eight inscriptions to Sequana are known, all from the Sources of the Seine. The following are typical (CIL 13, 02858):
- Au(gusto) sac(rum) d(eae) Sequan(ae) e[x] / moni[tu]
and (CIL 13, 02862):
- Aug(usto) sac(rum) / d(e)ae Seq(uanae) / Fl(avius) Flav(i)n(us) / pro sal(ute) / Fl(avi) Luna(ris) / nep(otis) sui / ex voto
/ v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
Some inscriptions contain spelling errors that may give a clue to the pronunciation of Sequana in Gaulish (CIL 13, 02863):
- Aug(usto) sac(rum) d<e=O>a(e?) / <p=B>ro(!) / Se<q=C>uan(ae) / pro(!) / C(aius) M[3] / v(otum) s(olvit)
l(ibens) m(erito)
As Gaulish is in the P-Celtic classification, q cannot represent the
Indo-European kw. Something like Sek-ooana is more likely.
References
- Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) vol XIII, The Gauls and Germanies.
- Deyts, Simone (1992) Images des Dieux de la Gaule. Paris, Editions Errance. ISBN 2-87772-067-5.
External links
- A small image
of the bronze statue in the Musée Archeologique de Dijon believed to represent Sequana
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