The first modern Eisteddfod was held in Aberdare South Wales in
1861.
However, the originals were a bardic festival of music and
poetry first held by Lord Rhys son of Gruffydd of Deheubarth at his
court in Cardigan in 1176.
There he held a grand gathering to which were invited poets and
musicians from all over the country. A chair at the Lord's table
was awarded to the best poet and musician, a tradition that
continues in the modern day National Eisteddfod with the "Chairing
of the Bard" ceremony at the end of the event.