Demographics of Poland

The Demographics of Poland is about the demographic features of the population of Poland, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

According to the estimates of Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS),^{[citation needed]} at the end of 2007 Poland had a population of 38,115.000, which translates into population density of 122 people/km² (urban 1105, rural 50). 61.5% of Polish population lives in the urban areas, a number which is slowly diminishing. Poland is the 33rd most populous country in the world (9th in Europe, with 5.4% of European population). Total population of Poland is decreasing (population growth was -0,04%). Average life expectancy was 70.5 for men and 78.9 for women. Population distribution is uneven. From ethnic perspective, Poland is very homogeneous, with 96.7% of population being Polish.

A number of censuses have assessed this data, including a national census in 2002, and a survey by the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights (HFHR), which confirmed there are numerous autochthonous ethnic groups in Poland. Estimates by INTEREG and Eurominority present a similar demographics picture of Poland but they provide estimates only for the most numerous of the autochthonous ethnic groups.

Contents 1 Historical 2 Nationalities 3 Largest metropolitan and urban areas 4 Demographics by voivodeship 5 Statistics 5.1 Population 5.2 Population growth rate 5.3 Birth rate 5.4 Death rate 5.5 Net migration rate 5.6 Total asylum seekers admitted 5.7 Age structure 5.8 Sex ratio 5.9 Infant mortality rate 5.10 Life expectancy at birth 5.11 Total fertility rate 5.12 Ethnic groups 5.13 Religions 5.14 Languages 5.15 Literacy 6 Notes 7 See also 8 External links

Historical

For many centuries, until the end of Second World War, the Polish population was composed of many significant ethnic minorities. The population of Poland decreased due to the losses sustained during World War II, and became one of the most ethnically homogeneous in the world as a result of the radically altered borders after the war and the subsequent migrations. This homogeneity is a result of post-World War II deportations ordered by the Soviet authorities, who wished to remove the sizable Polish minorities from Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine and deportations of Ukrainians from Poland.

Nationalities

96.7% of the people of Poland claim Polish nationality, and 97.8% declare that they speak Polish at home (Census 2002).

Largest metropolitan and urban areas

Area	ESPON[1]	Eurostat LUZ[2]	Ministry of Regional Development[3]	United Nations[4]	Demographia.com[5]	Citypopulation.de[6]	Scientific description by Markowski[7]	Scientific description by Swianiewicz, Klimska[8]
Katowice (Katowice urban area)	3,029,000 (5,294,000)[9]	2,710,397	3,239,200	3,069,000	2,500,000	2,775,000	2,746,000	2,733,000
Warsaw	2,785,000	2,660,406	2,680,600	2,194,000	2,030,000	2,375,000	2,631,900	2,504,000
Kraków	1,236,000	1,264,322	1,227,200	818,000	700,000	Not listed	1,257,500	1,367,000
Łódź	1,165,000	1,163,516	1,061,600	974,000	950,000	1,060,000	1,178,000	1,129,000
Gdańsk	993,000	1,105,203	1,220,800	854,000	775,000	No data	1,098,400	1,210,000
Poznań	919,000	1,018,511	1,227,200	No data	600,000	No data	1,011,200	846,000
Wrocław	861,000	1,031,439	1,136,900	No data	600,000	No data	1,029,800	956,000

Demographics by voivodeship

	City	Voivodeship	Inhabitants May 20, 2002	Inhabitants December 31, 2004	Inhabitants December 31, 2006
1	Warsaw (Warszawa)	Masovia	1,671,670	1,692,854	1,702,139
2	Łódź	Łódź	789,318	774,004	760,251
3	Kraków	Lesser Poland	758,544	757,430	756,267
4	Wrocław	Lower Silesia	640,367	636,268	634,630
5	Poznań	Greater Poland	578,886	570,778	564,951
6	Gdańsk	Pomerania	461,334	459,072	456,658
7	Szczecin	Western Pomerania	415,399	411,900	409,068
8	Bydgoszcz	Kuyavia-Pomerania	373,804	368,235	363,468
9	Lublin	Lublin	357,110	355,998	353,483
10	Katowice	Silesia	327,222	319,904	314,500
11	Białystok	Podlaskie	291,383	292,150	294,830
12	Gdynia	Pomerania	253,458	253,324	251,844
13	Częstochowa	Silesia	251,436	248,032	245,030
14	Radom	Masovia	229,699	227,613	225,810
15	Sosnowiec	Silesia	232,622	228,192	245,030
16	Toruń	Kuyavia-Pomerania	211,243	208,278	207,190
17	Kielce	Świętokrzyskie	212,429	209,455	207,188
18	Gliwice	Silesia	203,814	200,361	198,499
19	Zabrze	Silesia	195,293	192,546	190,110
20	Bytom	Silesia	193,546	189,535	186,540
21	Bielsko-Biała	Silesia	178,028	176,987	176,453
22	Olsztyn	Warmia-Masuria	173,102	174,550	174,941
23	Rzeszów	Subcarpathia	160,376	159,020	165,578
24	Ruda Śląska	Silesia	150,595	147,403	145,471
25	Rybnik	Silesia	142,731	141,755	141,388
26	Tychy	Silesia	132,816	131,547	130,492
27	Dąbrowa Górnicza	Silesia	132,236	130,789	129,559
28	Opole	Opole	129,946	128,864	127,602
29	Płock	Masovia	128,361	127,841	127,224
30	Elbląg	Warmia-Masuria	128,134	127,655	126,985
31	Gorzów Wielkopolski	Lubusz	125,914	125,578	125,504
32	Wałbrzych	Lower Silesia	130,268	127,566	124,988
33	Włocławek	Kuyavia-Pomerania	121,229	120,369	119,256
34	Zielona Góra	Lubusz	118,293	118,516	118,115
35	Tarnów	Lesser Poland	119,913	118,267	116,967
36	Chorzów	Silesia	117,430	115,241	113,978
37	Kalisz	Greater Poland	109,498	108,792	108,477
38	Koszalin	Western Pomerania	108,709	107,773	107,693
39	Legnica	Lower Silesia	107,100	106,143	105,186
40	Grudziądz	Kuyavia-Pomerania	99,943	98,757	99,244
41	Słupsk	Pomerania	100,376	99,827	98,092

Statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

38,500,696 (July 2008 est.)

Population growth rate

-0.045% (2008 est.)

Birth rate

10.01 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

There were 389,000 births in 2007 compared to 374,244 in 2006. [1]

Death rate

9.99 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

There were 372,000 deaths in 2007 compared to 369,000 in 2006. [2]

Net migration rate

-0.46 migrants/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Total asylum seekers admitted

94,500 (2006)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.2%
15-64 years: 71.4%
65 years and over: 13.4% (2008 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate

6.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

male: 73.42 years
female: 77.85 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.27 children born/woman (2008 est.)

• TFR was 1.267 in 2006. [3]

Ethnic groups

Polish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Byelorussian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other 0.7%, not declared 2.0% (Census 2002)

Religions

Roman Catholic 89.8%, Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant and other 0.6%, unspecified 8.3% (2002 census)

see Religion in Poland and Catholic Church in Poland

Languages

Polish 99.9% (Census 2002)

Literacy

definition: age 7 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2003 est.)

Notes

See also

• Health in Poland

External links

• Central Statistical Office for the Republic of Poland
• Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage
• CIA World Factbook 2004
• Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
• Poland - Population and ethnic composition
• Armenians in Poland
• Poland's president expresses regret over 1947 Akcja Wisla
• INTEREG

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