A Deobandi (Urdu: دیو بندی) is an individual who follows the methodology (manhaj) of the Deoband Islamic movement that began at Darul Uloom Deoband (a madrasah) in Deoband, India when its foundation was laid on May 30, 1866[1] by its six notable founders (Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi, Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi, Shah Rafi al-Din, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Zulfiqar Ali, Fadhl al-Rahman 'Usmani and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi)[2]. The Deobandi movement significantly gained traction in the early 1900s due to the activities of those who graduated from there because in many instances they left Darul Uloom Deoband to establish other similar institutions in other parts of the Indian subcontinent based on the same model.
Deobandis are considered to be within the confines of Sunni Islam (Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘ah). They follow the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of aqidah (creed). In fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) they chiefly follow the Hanafi school of law while they accept the validity of the remaining three schools of Sunni Islam, namely the Shafi`i, Maliki and the Hanbali schools. In the spiritual science of Tasawwuf (Sufism) they follow the Chishti, Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Suhrawardi orders.
The Deobandi thought, which originated in a north Indian town, has eventually reached many countries, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
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History
Gradually, through organisations such as Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and Tablighi Jamaat, their influence began to spread, and hundreds of schools and Darul ulooms affiliated with Deobandi sprouted. Notable Deobandi seminaries include:
- Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama in Lucknow, India
- Darul 'Uloom Karachi, Karachi
- Jamia Binoria, Karachi
- Jamia Ashrafia, Lahore, Pakistan
Early Deobandi scholars include Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi, Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Husain Ahmed Madani, Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi, Ubaidullah Sindhi, Hakeem Mian Ghulam Jilani and Muhammad Zakariya al-Kandahlawi.
Other prominent adherent of the past include Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and Waheed uz-Zaman.
Notable Deobandi movements
Dawah (Tableeg)
Education
- Darul Uloom Deoband
- Jamia Banuri[3]
- Jamia Binoria
- Jamia Ashrafia
- Darul 'Uloom Karachi
- Madrassah Inaamiyyah[4]
Political
- Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind[5]
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Present
Prominent scholars
Prominent adherents
Mawlānā Tariq Jameel from Pakistan, is a well-known and prominent member of Tablighi Jamaat, a movement founded by Darul Uloom Deoband's Mawlānā Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi. Others include, London born Iman, Tahir Anwar, a Deobandi scholar currently residing in the San Francisco Bay Area, Azizul Huq, a scholar and a member of Islami Oikya Jote (a political party in Bangladesh), Mufti Ebrahim Desai, a mufti from Camperdown, near Pietermaritzburg, South Africa who is well known for running a popular fatwā website, Fazlul Huq Amini, a scholar and former member of parliament in Bangladesh and Mufti Husain Kadodia a scholar and teacher of Sharia (Islamic Law) from South Africa.
In the United Kingdom
According to The Times, about 600 of Britain's nearly 1,400 mosques are run by Deobandi affiliated scholars, and 17 of the country's 26 Islamic seminaries follow Deobandi teachings, producing about 80% of all domestically trained Muslim clerics.[6][7][8]
See also
References
- ^ Brief Introduction to Deoband
- ^ The Six Great Ones at Darul Uloom Deoband
- ^ Jamia Banuri
- ^ Madrassah
- ^ Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind
- ^ takeover of British mosques -Times Online
- ^ A toxic mix of fact and nonsense | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk
- ^ "Few people realise the extent to which the Deobandis have infiltrated mosques, schools and Muslim neighbourhoods across the country. The ultra-conservative movement, with modern roots in Pakistan's madrassas, now controls more than 600 mosques. It runs 17 of Britain’s 26 Islamic seminaries, and they produce 80 per cent of home-trained Muslim clerics." Times Online September 7, 2007
Bibliography
- Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691096805.
External links
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