The digestive system is the organ system that breaks down and absorbs
nutrients that are essential for growth and maintenance. The digestive system includes the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder,
duodenum, jejunum, ileum,
(intestines), rectum, and anus.
External links
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Anatomy of torso,
digestive system: Gastrointestinal
tract |
| Upper GI: to stomach |
Mouth •
Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus • Crop |
| Upper GI: stomach |
rugae -
gastric pits - cardia/gland - fundus/gland -
pylorus/gland - pyloric
antrum - greater curvature - lesser curvature |
| Lower GI: intestines |
Small intestine
(duodenum, jejunum, ileum) • Vermiform appendix • Ileocecal valve - Large intestine: Cecum • Colon (ascending
colon, hepatic flexure, transverse
colon, splenic flexure, descending
colon, sigmoid colon) |
| Lower GI: after intestines |
Rectum
(Houston valve, rectal ampulla, pectinate line) • Anal canal (anal
valves, anal sinuses, anal columns) -
Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle •
Sphincter ani externus muscle |
| Lower GI: continuous |
GALT:
Peyer's patches • M cells - intestinal villus • crypts of Lieberkühn •
circular folds • taenia coli •
haustra • epiploic appendix |
|
Anatomy of torso,
digestive system: Digestive glands |
| Organs |
Pancreas: by region
(Tail, Body, Head, Uncinate process) - by function
(Islets of Langerhans, Exocrine
pancreas)
Gallbladder
Liver: by region (Caudate lobe,
Quadrate lobe, Right lobe,
Left lobe) - by function (Hepatocyte,
Space of Disse, Kupffer cell, Liver sinusoid, Ito cell, Hepatic
lobule) |
| Ducts |
Bile
ducts: (Bile canaliculus, Common
hepatic duct, Cystic duct, Common bile
duct) • Pancreatic duct • Hepatopancreatic ampulla |
|
Digestive system - Gastroenterology (primarily K20-K93, 530-579) |
| Esophagus |
GERD -
Achalasia - Boerhaave syndrome - Zenker's diverticulum - Mallory-Weiss syndrome -
Barrett's esophagus |
| Stomach |
Gastric ulcer - Gastritis - Dyspepsia - Pyloric stenosis - Achlorhydria - Gastroptosis - Gastroparesis |
| Small
intestine |
Duodenal ulcer -
Intussusception - Abdominal angina |
| Colon |
Diarrhea -
Appendicitis - Bowel obstruction -
Diverticulitis - Diverticulosis -
IBD (Crohn's, Ulcerative colitis) - IBS - Constipation - Megacolon (Toxic megacolon) - Anal
fissure - Anal fistula - Anal abscess -
Rectal prolapse |
| Hernia |
Inguinal
(Indirect, Direct) -
Femoral - Umbilical - Incisional - Diaphragmatic - Hiatus |
| Liver |
Alcoholic liver disease - Cholestasis (Mirizzi's syndrome) - Liver failure - Cirrhosis - Hepatitis - PBC - NASH - Fatty liver - Peliosis hepatis - Portal hypertension - Hepatorenal syndrome -
Budd-Chiari |
| Accessory digestive |
Gallbladder/Biliary tree (Gallstones, Choledocholithiasis, Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Cholangitis, PSC, Biliary fistula, Ascending cholangitis)
Pancreas (Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic pseudocyst,
Hereditary pancreatitis) |
| Other/general |
Malabsorption (e.g. celiac, Whipple's) - Tropical sprue - Hematemesis - Melena - Gastrointestinal bleeding (Upper,
Lower) - Peritonitis |
| See also congenital |
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