dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10 ,13-dimethyl-1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17 -tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Identifiers
CAS number	521-18-6
ATC code	A14ciAA01
PubChem	10635
Chemical data
Formula	C19H30O2
Mol. mass	290.440 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Oral 0-2%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	?
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	X
Legal status	Schedule III (US), Schedule IV (CA)
Routes	Intramuscular, transdermal

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (Full name: 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, abbreviating to 5α-DHT; INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5α-reductase by means of reducing the 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. Androgens are part of the biology of gender by stimulating and controlling the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent^{[citation needed]} than testosterone because of increased affinity for the androgen receptor.

Significance

Testosterone. Note the major difference -- the 4,5 double-bond on the A (leftmost) ring.

DHT is produced by males in utero and is responsible for the formation of male gender specific characteristics. DHT is also an important contributor to other characteristics generally attributed to males, including facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice. DHT has been shown to be deactivated in skeletal muscle through the actions of 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and therefore does not have a significant effect on muscle hypertrophy.

Pathology

It is suspected that DHT is the primary contributing factor in most cases of male-pattern baldness. Women with increased levels of DHT may develop certain androgynous male secondary sex characteristics, including a deepened voice and facial hair. DHT also seems to play a role in the development or exacerbation of benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, and prostate cancer, though the exact reason for this is not known.

DHT is also known to participate in the development of acne.

Treatment

The drugs belonging to the group known as 5α-reductase inhibitors are used for treatment of problems stemming from DHT. This group includes finasteride (sold under the names Proscar for BPH and Propecia for androgenic alopecia as well as in generic formulation) and dutasteride (sold under the name Avodart). Currently, DHT supplementation is not used as a treatment for DHT/androgen deficiency.

Alternative treatments used to inhibit DHT include dietary supplementation with, or topically administered preparations of, saw palmetto berry extractives. Unlike most known 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, saw palmetto induces its effects without interfering with the cellular capacity to secrete PSA. [1] Saw palmetto extract has been demonstrated to inhibit both isoforms of 5-alpha-reductase unlike finasteride which only inhibits the (predominant) type 2 isoenzyme of 5-alpha-reductase. [2] [3] [4] [5]

The chemical equol, derived by consuming foods rich in soy isoflavones by persons with certain digestive-tract bacterial flora, appears to have an androgen-inhibitive effect.

Green tea, in many studies, has been found a potent DHT inhibitor^{[citation needed]} . However, in one trial using mice, both the testosterone and DHT levels increased. However, if the isoflavones in soy are also ingested, the green tea has a synergetic decreasing effect on DHT ^{[citation needed]}.

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