dilution

American Heritage Dictionary:

di·lu·tion

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(dī-lū'shən, dĭ-) pronunciation

1. The process of making weaker or less concentrated.
2. A dilute or weakened condition.
A diluted substance.
A decrease in the equity position of a share of stock because of the issuance of additional shares.

dilution

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The volume of solvent in which a given amount of solute is dissolved.

Barron's Accounting Dictionary:

dilution

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Decrease, loss, or weakening of a financial statement-related item. For example, if more common shares are issued, the equity interest represented by each common share is reduced.Another example is the inclusion of a convertible security that reduces earnings per share.

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Investopedia Financial Dictionary:

Dilution

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A reduction in earnings per share of common stock that occurs through the issuance of additional shares or the conversion of convertible securities.

Investopedia Says:
Adding to the number of shares outstanding reduces the value of holdings of existing shareholders.

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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:

dilution

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the act or process of making more dilute (def. 2).
a diluted solution or suspension.
the (specified) extent to which a solution or suspension has been diluted.

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Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:

dilution

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1. reduction of concentration of an active substance by admixture of a neutral agent.
2. a substance that has undergone dilution.

limit d. — a method of obtaining a pure culture of bacteria or virus by subculturing from the highest dilution in which the organism is demonstrably present.
serial d. — 1. the progressive dilution of a substance or infectious agent in a series of tubes or wells in a tray in predetermined ratios, e.g. 2-fold or 10-fold dilution steps.

Rhymes:

dilution

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See words rhyming with "dilution."

Wikipedia on Answers.com:

Dilution (equation)

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Dilution is a reduction in the concentration of a chemical (gas, vapor, solution). It is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the solution are identical.

The same direct relationship applies to gases and vapors diluted in air for example. Although, thorough mixing of gases and vapors may not be as easily accomplished.

For example, if there are 10 grams of salt (the solute) dissolved in 1 litre of water (the solvent), this solution has a certain salt concentration/molarity. If one adds 1 litre of water to this solution the salt concentration is reduced. The diluted solution still contains 10 grams of salt/(0.171 moles of NaCl).

Mathematically this relationship can be shown in the equation:

$C_1\times V_1 = C_2\times V_2$

Where:

$C_1 =$ Initial concentration or molarity.

$V_1 =$ Initial volume.

$C_2 =$ Final concentration or molarity.

$V_2 =$ Final volume

Contents

1 Basic Room Purge Equation
2 Dilution Ventilation Equation
3 Welding
4 See also
5 External links

Basic Room Purge Equation

The Basic Room Purge Equation, is used in industrial hygiene. It determines the time required to reduce a known vapor concentration existing in a closed space to a lower vapor concentration. The equation can only be applied when the purged volume of vapor or gas is replaced with "clean" air or gas. For example, the equation can be used to calculate the time required at a certain ventilation rate to reduce a high carbon monoxide concentration in a room.

$\ D_t=\left [ \frac{V}{Q} \right ] \cdot ln\left [ \frac{C_{initial}}{C_{ending}}\right ] \quad$

Sometimes the equation is also written as:

$\ ln\left [ \frac{C_{ending}}{C_{initial}}\right ] \quad={-}\frac{Q}{V} \cdot (t_{ending}-t_{initial})\quad$ where $t_{initial} = 0$

$D_t =$ Time required; the unit of time used is the same as is used for $Q$ .

$V =$ Air or gas volume of the closed space or room in cubic feet, cubic meters or liters

$Q =$ Ventilation rate into or out of the room in cubic feet per minute, cubic meters per hour or liters per second

$C_{initial} =$ Initial concentration of a vapor inside the room measured in ppm

$C_{ending} =$ Final reduced concentration of the vapor inside the room in ppm

Dilution Ventilation Equation

The Basic Room Purge Equation can be used only for purge scenarios. In a scenario where a liquid continuously evaporates from a container in a ventilated room, a differential equation has to be used.

${dC \over dt} = \frac{G - Q' C}{V}$

Where the ventilation rate has been adjusted by a mixing factor K.

$Q' = \frac{Q}{K}$

$C =$ concentration of a gas

$G =$ generation rate

$V =$ room volume

$Q' =$ adjusted ventilation rate of the volume

Welding

The dilution in welding terms is defined as the weight of the base metal melted divided by the total weight of the weld metal. For example, if we have a dilution of 0.40, the fraction of the weld metal that came from the consumable electrode is 0.60.

External links

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Translations:

Dilution

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - fortynding

Nederlands (Dutch)
afzwakking, verdunning

Français (French)
n. - dilution, coupage, mouillage, (fig) édulcoration

Deutsch (German)
n. - Verdünnung, Abschwächung

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - διάλυση, αραίωση, διάλυμα

Italiano (Italian)
diluizione

Português (Portuguese)
n. - diluição (f)

Русский (Russian)
разжижение, растворение

Español (Spanish)
n. - dilución, solución atenuada

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - utspädning, förtunning

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
稀释, 冲淡物, 稀释法

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 稀釋, 沖淡物, 稀釋法

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 희석, 노동 희석(단순 노동에 비숙련자를 쓰는 일)

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 薄めること, 希釈, 薄められたもの

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) تخفيف, محلول مخفف, ترقيق‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮נוזל מדולל, דילול‬

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American Heritage Dictionary The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read

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Wikipedia on Answers.com This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Dilution (equation). Read