3 John was written by an unknown author who called himself "the Presbyter," probably in the first quarter of the second century. This author is unlikely to have been the apostle John, who could hardly be expected to refer to himself as a presbyter or to appeal to Gaius as a "co-worker" (3 John 8). Nor is it plausible that Diotrephes, who exercises authority in the church, would flout John's authority, knowing him to be an apostle.
The letter was written to Gaius, appealing to him to help ensure a proper welcome for a certain Demetrius whom the Presbyter is sending. Some see Diotrephes as the earliest known example of the emergence of the position of bishop in the Church, but others simply see him as an authoritarian leader, who may even wield authority because he owns the house in which the local Christian community meets.