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dissociate

 
Dictionary: dis·so·ci·ate   (dĭ-sō'shē-āt', -sē-) pronunciation
 

v., -at·ed, -at·ing, -ates.

v.tr.
  1. To remove from association; separate: “Marx never dissociated man from his social environment” (Sidney Hook).
  2. Chemistry. To cause to undergo dissociation.
v.intr.
  1. To cease associating; part.
  2. Biology. To mutate or change morphologically, often reversibly.
  3. Chemistry. To undergo dissociation.

[Latin dissociāre, dissociāt- : dis-, dis- + sociāre, to unite (from socius, companion).]

dissociative dis·so'ci·a'tive adj.
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Thesaurus: dissociate
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Antonyms: dissociate
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v

Definition: part company with; separate
Antonyms: associate, attach, join


 
Wikipedia: Dissociative drug
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A dissociative is a drug which reduces (or blocks) signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain[citation needed], typically, but not necessarily, limited to the senses. Such a state of sensory deprivation and dissociation can facilitate self-exploration, hallucinations, and dreamlike states of mind which may resemble some psychedelic mindstates.[citation needed] Essentially, similar states of mind can be reached via contrasting paths—psychedelic or dissociative. That said, the entire experience's risks and benefits are markedly different.[citation needed]

The primary dissociatives are similar in action to phencyclidine (PCP), and include ketamine and dextromethorphan (DXM). Also included are nitrous oxide (laughing gas), salvia divinorum, and muscimol from the amanita muscaria (fly agaric) mushroom.

Many dissociatives have central nervous system depressant effects, thereby carrying risks similar to opioids. At high doses, such drugs slow breathing and lower the heart rate to levels which can result in death.

Their effects are characterized by intense feelings of depersonalization, derealization, and analgesia.

Contents

Pharmacological classes of dissociatives

Entries marked with a # are naturally occurring.

NMDA receptor antagonists

Uncompetitive channel blockers include:

Most members of the noncompetitive channel-blocker group are arylcyclohexylamines. Their molecular structure includes a cyclohexyl ring, a piperidine ring and a phenyl group. [3] The gases nitrous oxide and xenon are obvious exceptions

Non-competitive antagonists include:

  • Aptiganel (Cerestat, CNS-1102). Binds the Mg2+ binding site within the channel of the NMDAR.
  • Memantine (Axura, Akatinol, Namenda, Ebixa, 1-amino-3,5-dimethylada-mantane). Approved in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.[4]
  • Remacimide. Principle metabolite is an uncompetitive antagonist with a low affinity for the binding site.[5]

Drugs that act at the glycine binding site include 7-chlorokynurenate.

κ-opioid receptor agonists

σ-opioid receptor agonists

Amanita muscaria constituents

General subjective effects

These four groups of dissociatives have slightly different effects but also share similarities separating them from other classes of hallucinogens. They are markedly different from psychedelics such as LSD, where alert and fully conscious users experience cognitive distortion while simultaneously interacting with the "real world". Hallucinations from these dissociatives are generally only experienced in dark rooms or with eyes closed, unless at very high doses above what is normally consumed recreationally. Nitrous oxide has very different effects however, and even at low doses includes auditory distortions. Unlike with many other psychedelic chemicals, salvia users are generally not ambulatory and the experience is frequently dissociative. Often a very brief trance is entered, where the user experiences an intense and very realistic dream state. On the other hand, the effect of salvia on emotion has been reported to be less marked than that of true psychedelics.

Although muscimol does not usually cause normal hallucinations, it has a tendency to put the user to sleep, during which the user is able to have very vivid dreams with good dream recall.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Effects of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-Receptor Antagonism on Hyperalgesia, Opioid Use, and Pain After Radical Prostatectomy", University Health Network, Toronto, September 2005
  2. ^ Popik P, Layer RT, Skolnick P (1994): "The putative anti-addictive drug ibogaine is a competitive inhibitor of [3H]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor complex." Psychopharmacology (Berl), 114(4), 672-4. Abstract
  3. ^ AJ Giannini. Drugs of Abuse--Second Edition. Los Angeles, Practice Management Information Corp, 1997.
  4. ^ Chawla, PS; Kochar MS (2006). "What's new in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics". WMJ 105 (3): 24–29. PMID 16749321. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16749321&query_hl=23&itool=pubmed_docsum. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. 
  5. ^ Muir, KW (2005). "Glutamate-based therapeutic approaches: clinical trials with NMDA antagonists". Current Opinion in Pharmacology 6 (1): 53–60. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2005.12.002. PMID 16359918. 

 
Translations: Dissociate
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Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - adskille, holde udenfor, spalte
v. intr. - adskilles, holdes udenfor

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    ikke ville vedkende sig, tage afstand fra

Nederlands (Dutch)
scheiden, ontbinden, uiteenvallen

Français (French)
v. tr. - dissocier, séparer de, (Chim, Phys) dissocier
v. intr. - se dissocier de, se désolidariser de

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    se dissocier, se désolidariser de

Deutsch (German)
v. - trennen, sondern

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    sich distanzieren

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - διαχωρίζω, αποχωρίζω, διασπώ, αποσπώ

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    διαχωρίζω τη θέση μου, παύω να ενδιαφέρομαι για

Italiano (Italian)
separare

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    dissociarsi da, distaccarsi

Português (Portuguese)
v. - dissociar(-se)

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    separar-se

Русский (Russian)
разъединять, разделять

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    отделяться

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - disociar
v. intr. - disociarse

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    disociarse de, desvincularse de

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - separera

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
使分离, 将...分开, 分开, 分离, 脱离, 离解

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    切断自己与...的关系, 否认同...有关系

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 使分離, 將...分開
v. intr. - 分開, 分離, 脫離, 離解

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    切斷自己與...的關系, 否認同...有關係

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 따로 놓다, (의식 등을) 분열시키다
v. intr. - 관계를 끊다, 해리하다

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    ~와 관계를 끊다

日本語 (Japanese)
v. - 引き離す, 解離する, 交際をやめる
adj. - 分離した

idioms:

  • dissociate oneself    関係を絶つ

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) ينفصل ( عن جمعيه أو اتحاد)‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮ניתק, הפריד‬
v. intr. - ‮התרחק מ-, התבדל‬


 
 
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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
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Answers Corporation Antonyms. © 1999-2009 by Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
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