Laser measuring equipment is something that is used by architects, designers, builders and homeowners as a means of measurement for distance. The laser is pointed at the target and the device will provide a measurement of the distance.

DME is Distance Measuring Equipment. It is an electronic device located in an aircraft that can measure the distance between that aircraft's location and a point sending out a signal.

An odometer for measuring long walkable distance. Long distances on the earth are probably best measured by geographical positioning systems (GPS).

Anything with relative distance to the measuring distance. Such as a shadow to a building.

That depends on what type of measuring equipment.