distribution
American Heritage Dictionary:
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dis·tri·bu·tion
(dĭs'trə-byū'shən) 
n.
n.
- The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed; apportionment.
- Something distributed; an allotment.
- The act of dispersing or the condition of being dispersed; diffusion.
- The geographic occurrence or range of an organism.
- The geographic occurrence or range of a custom, usage, or other feature.
- Division into categories; classification.
- The process of marketing and supplying goods, especially to retailers.
- A spatial or temporal array of objects or events: the distribution of theaters on Broadway.
- Law. The division of an estate or property among rightful heirs.
- Statistics. A set of numbers and their frequency of occurrence collected from measurements over a statistical population.
- Mathematics. A generalized function used in the study of partial differential equations.
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distribution
Oxford Dictionary of Statistics:
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distribution
The set of values of a set of data, possibly grouped into classes, together with their frequencies or relative frequencies. In the case of random variables the distribution is the set of possible values together with their probabilities in the discrete case and the probability density function in the case of a continuous variable.
Computer Desktop Encyclopedia:
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distribution
(1) Software ready to install. It often refers to a "Linux distribution," which is the Linux OS combined with installation programs, documentation and various utilities in one package. See Linux distribution.
(2) An English word that means "dissemination" or delivering something.
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Barron's Marketing Dictionary:
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distribution
Magazines: total number of copies distributed of a particular magazine issue. See also circulation.
Merchandising:
1. Extent to which an item of merchandise is carried by retailers relative to the total number of retailers who could carry the item. See also exclusive distribution; open distribution; selective distribution.
2. All elements of the system of delivery of merchandise to customers from the manufacturer or wholesaler, including retailers, brokers, transportation companies, advertising agencies, and so forth; also called distribution channel. See also channel of distribution; middleman.
Barron's Business Dictionary:
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distribution
1. in corporate finance, allocation of income and expenses to the appropriate subsidiary accounts.
2. in economics, (1) movement of goods from manufacturers, or (2) way in which wealth is shared in any particular economic system.
3. in estate law, parceling out of assets to the beneficiaries named in a will , as carried out by the executor under the guidance of a court.
4. in mutual funds and closed-end investment companies, payout of realized capital gains on securities in the portfolio of the fund or closed-end investment company.
5. in securities , sale of a large block of stock in such a manner that the price is not adversely affected. Technical analysts look at a pattern of distribution as a tipoff that the stock will soon fall in price.
The opposite of distribution, known as accumulation, may signal a rise in price.
| Distressed Property, Distress Sale, Distraint | |
| Distribution Allowance, Distribution Center, Distribution Channel |
Roget's Thesaurus:
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distribution
noun
- The act of distributing or the condition of being distributed: admeasurement, allocation, assignment, apportionment, dispensation, division. See collect/distribute.
- The passing out or spreading about of something: circulation, dispersal, dispersion, dissemination. See collect/distribute.
- A way or condition of being arranged: arrangement, categorization, classification, deployment, disposal, disposition, formation, grouping, layout, lineup, order, organization, placement, sequence. See order/disorder.
Antonyms by Answers.com:
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distribution
n
Definition: allocation, dispersion
Antonyms: collection, gathering, hoard, hoarding, maintenance, store
The Jargon File's Guide to Hacker Slang:
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distribution
1. A software source tree packaged for distribution; but see kit. Since about 1996 unqualified use of this term often implies ‘Linux distribution’. The short form distro is often used for this sense.
2. A vague term encompassing mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups (but not BBS fora); any topic-oriented message channel with multiple recipients.
3. An information-space domain (usually loosely correlated with geography) to which propagation of a Usenet message is restricted; a much-underutilized feature.
Oxford Dictionary of Geography:
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distribution
1. The physical layout of a feature over an area, such as forest land.
2. The function of tertiary industry in delivering goods, that is wholesaling, warehousing, and retailing.
3. The spread of varying observations within a population.
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The movement of freshly mixed concrete toward the point of placement, either by motorized tools or by hand.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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distribution
distribution, in economics, the allocation of a society's total wealth among various economic groups. Distribution, in that sense, does not refer to the physical marketing or circulation of goods, which is part of the process of exchange, but to the relative well-being and economic wealth of persons and groups. By classifying people according to their share of the distribution-usually by means of relative income-a picture of society's stratification, and thus its structure, may emerge. Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto developed (1897) one of the best-known theories on the subject, arguing that a pattern of income distribution is evident throughout history, in all societies. Inequalities in distribution are related to inequalities in political power; in most societies, the economically dominant strata tend also to be politically dominant. The division of labor, which necessitates exchange, causes various problems of distribution. Inequalities in distribution among industrial groups making a common product are explained by the relative number employed in each group when compared to the value of what they produce or to the relative amount they get for a specific amount of work. Unequal distribution arises also from inequality in reward to those in the same industrial classification (capitalist, manager, or laborer). The distribution of wealth between the capitalist and manager on the one hand and the laborer on the other has been a major source of social strife in the Western world since the French Revolution, and has been a particularly important theme in the writings of Karl Marx and his followers. Labor unions (see union, labor), through the use of political and economic pressure, have striven for increased wages. The distribution of the world's wealth has, since World War II, become a major issue in international politics, especially as those nations that had previously been the colonized suppliers of raw materials to the industrialized countries have gained political independence and embarked on development programs. In the United States, the National Bureau of Economic Research has done important studies on the distribution of wealth among economic groups.
Bibliography
See F. Levy, Dollars and Dreams: The Changing American Income Distribution (1988); K. M. Perkins, Production, Distribution, and Growth in Transitional Economies (1988).
Barron's Law Dictionary:
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distribution
A distribution is a payment in cash or in property by an entity to the owner of such entity.
For example, when a corporation pays a dividend to its shareholder, such payment of a dividend consti- tutes a
corporate distribution
. See also descent and distribution, secondary distribution. corporate distribution a distribution by a corporation to its shareholders.
If the corporation has current or accumulated earnings and profits, such distribution constitutes a dividend to the shareholders. To the extent the distribution exceeds earnings and profits, distribution constitutes a return of basis to the shareholder and to the extent that it exceeds basis, such distribution constitutes the equivalent of a receipt of property or cash as a result of a sale or exchange of the stock. IRC §301. A corporate distribution is not deductible by the corporation.
partnership distribution
a distribution by a partnership to its partners.
A partnership , as a non-taxpaying entity, has all of its income taxed to its partners. It reduces the basis of the partner’s interest in the partnership; such distribution is not taxable unless it exceeds the partner’s basis.
IRC §§705, 731. If the distribution does exceed his basis and is in cash, the partner is taxed as if the distribution were an amount realized from the sale or exchange of the partner’s interest in the partnership; if the distribution is of property, it is not taxed to the partner, and the partner receives a carryover basis in the property. IRC §732.
ratable distribution
see ratable [ratable distribution].
trust distribution
a distribution by a trust to the beneficiaries of the trust. If a trust has current or accumulated income of a character which may be distributable to the beneficiaries [generally, ordinary income ] such a distribution is taxed to the beneficiary as ordinary income and deductible by the trust.
IRC §§643(a), 651, 652, 661 and 662. If such trust does not have distributable income, then it is considered to be a distribution of corpus to the beneficiaries of the trust and not income to such beneficiaries.
For example, when a corporation pays a dividend to its shareholder, such payment of a dividend consti- tutes a
corporate distribution
. See also descent and distribution, secondary distribution. corporate distribution a distribution by a corporation to its shareholders.
If the corporation has current or accumulated earnings and profits, such distribution constitutes a dividend to the shareholders. To the extent the distribution exceeds earnings and profits, distribution constitutes a return of basis to the shareholder and to the extent that it exceeds basis, such distribution constitutes the equivalent of a receipt of property or cash as a result of a sale or exchange of the stock. IRC §301. A corporate distribution is not deductible by the corporation.
partnership distribution
a distribution by a partnership to its partners.
A partnership , as a non-taxpaying entity, has all of its income taxed to its partners. It reduces the basis of the partner’s interest in the partnership; such distribution is not taxable unless it exceeds the partner’s basis.
IRC §§705, 731. If the distribution does exceed his basis and is in cash, the partner is taxed as if the distribution were an amount realized from the sale or exchange of the partner’s interest in the partnership; if the distribution is of property, it is not taxed to the partner, and the partner receives a carryover basis in the property. IRC §732.
ratable distribution
see ratable [ratable distribution].
trust distribution
a distribution by a trust to the beneficiaries of the trust. If a trust has current or accumulated income of a character which may be distributable to the beneficiaries [generally, ordinary income ] such a distribution is taxed to the beneficiary as ordinary income and deductible by the trust.
IRC §§643(a), 651, 652, 661 and 662. If such trust does not have distributable income, then it is considered to be a distribution of corpus to the beneficiaries of the trust and not income to such beneficiaries.
Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: Economics:
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distribution
Investopedia Financial Dictionary:
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Distribution
1. When trading volume is higher than that of the previous day without any price appreciation.
2. The removal of assets from a retirement account. The assets are then paid to the retirement account owner or beneficiary.
3. A company's payment of cash, stock or physical products to its shareholders.
4. Distributions of income and capital gains that mutual funds make to their investors periodically during a calendar year.
Investopedia Says:
1. A market that is in distribution has already hit its apex and is expected to decline.
2. The retirement account owner (or beneficiary) may be required to pay income tax on distributions received during the year. Early-distribution penalties may also apply if the distribution occurs while the retirement account owner is under the age of 59.5. While distributions from IRAs can occur at any time, certain requirements must be met before distributions can occur from qualified plans, 457 plans and 403(b) accounts. Participants must check with their employers regarding the rules of the plan.
3. The income that is generated from an investment trust is given to investors through monthly or quarterly distributions. In this manner, distributions are similar to stock dividends; however, they usually offer much higher yields of up to 10% a year. The distributions received reduce a trust's taxable income and, therefore, little or no income tax is paid.
4. Mutual funds pay out interest and dividend income received from their portfolio holdings as dividends (income distribution) to fund shareholders. In addition, capital gains from the portfolio's trading activities are generally paid out (capital gains distribution) at the end of the year.
Related Links:
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We give you some tips on preserving your nest egg in the face of unavoidable withdrawals. Strategic Ways To Distribute Your RMD
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Here you will find tutorials that are each devoted to one the most common retirement plans, explaining how to establish, fund, and then take distributions from it. Introductory Tour through Retirement Plans
US Defense Department Military Dictionary:
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distribution
(DOD) 1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a battle, march, or maneuver. 2. A planned pattern of projectiles about a point. 3. A planned spread of fire to cover a desired frontage or depth. 4. An official delivery of anything, such as orders or supplies. 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic system to deliver the "right things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the geographic combatant commander. 6. The process of assigning military personnel to activities, units, or billets.
Word Tutor:
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distribution
IN BRIEF: A way of giving out something.
After the distribution of milk and cookies, the room became quiet.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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distribution
- (in chemistry) an alternative term for partition.
- (in biochemistry) the pattern of occurrence of a substance within or between cells or tissues, or within a group of organisms, taxa, etc.
- (in biology) the geographical range or pattern of occurrence of a particular taxon or genetic variant.
- (in statistics) the frequency of occurrence of a variable at each of a number of discrete values. See also normal distribution.
| distillation, distillate, distil | |
| distribution coefficient, distribution law, distributive |
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'distribution'
- Quantities, Relationships, and Operations - distribution: arrangement of statistical population when one or more specific criteria are applied
- Journalism - distribution: system of marketing newspapers and periodicals to points of sale
- Economics and Economic Theory - distribution: marketing of merchandise; process by which products reach ultimate consumers; portions or shares of total income received by different groups
- Income Tax - distribution: amount paid out by pension, IRA, profit-sharing plan, trust, estate, or corporation to shareholders
- Movie People and Show Business - distribution: placement of released film in theaters, usu. by studio acting as distributor
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Distribution
 |
Look up distribution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Distribution may refer to:
In mathematics, science, and technology
In mathematics
- Distribution (mathematics), generalized functions used to formulate solutions of partial differential equations
- Probability distribution, the probability of a particular values or value range of a variable
- Cumulative distribution function, in which the probability of a value is a function of that value
- Frequency distribution, a list of the values recorded in a sample
- Inner distribution and outer distribution, in coding theory
- Distribution (differential geometry), a subset of the tangent bundle of a manifold
- Distributed parameter system, systems that have an infinite-dimensional state-space
- Distribution of terms, a situation in which all members of a category are accounted for
- Distributivity, is a property of binary operations that generalises the distributive law from elementary algebra
In science
- Complementary distribution, in linguistics, a relationship between elements found in opposite environments
- Distribution (pharmacology), the transfer of a drug within the body
- Distribution function, in physics, the number of particles per unit volume in phase space
- Population distribution, the geographical area in which a species lives
- Spectral power distribution, in color science, the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination
- Trip distribution, part of the four-step transportation forecasting model
In technology and computer science
- Electric power distribution, the final stage in the delivery of electricity
- Electronic brakeforce distribution, an automotive technology that varies brake force based on prevailing conditions
- Distributed computing, the coordinated use of physically distributed computers for tasks or storage
- Software distribution, a bundle of a specific software already compiled and configured
- Linux distribution, one of several distributions built on the Linux kernel
- Distribution (concurrency), the projection operator in a history monoid, a representation of the histories of concurrent computer processes
- Key distribution center, part of a cryptosystem intended to reduce the risks inherent in exchanging keys
- Content distribution, publishing and web design as method to provide information
- Digital distribution, publishing media digitally
- Distribution of elements in the distributed element model of electric circuits
- A specific packaging of an operating system containing components such as the kernel, a toolchain, utilities and other software. The most common use in this context is for Linux distributions
In economics
- Distribution (economics), distribution of income or output among individuals or factors of production
- Distribution (business), or place, one of the four elements of marketing mix
- Distribution of wealth, among members in a society
- Resource distribution, among geographic entities such as states
- Division of property, or equitable distribution, of property between spouses during divorce
- Food distribution, methods of transporting food
- Good distribution practice, guidelines for distribution of medicines
Other uses
- Film distributor, an agent between a film producer and an exhibitor
- Purse distribution, in a horse race, the distribution of winnings among the highest finishers
- Record distribution, process of shipping and promoting record labels
- Font distribution, the units in which metal type is sold, containing relative proportions of letters appropriate for a given language
- Distribution Select, a Canadian record and video label
See also
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Distribution
Dansk (Danish)
n. - uddeling, fordeling, udbredelse, sortering, varefordeling, samfundsgodernes fordeling
Nederlands (Dutch)
distributie, verspreiding, uitkering, schenking, verdeling, uitdeling, indeling
Français (French)
n. - distribution, répartition
Deutsch (German)
n. - Verteilung, Austeilung, Vertrieb, Zuteilung, Einteilung, Ausschüttung
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - διανομή (σε πλήθος), κατανομή, μοιρασιά, άπλωμα, σκόρπισμα (σε έκταση), εξάπλωση
Italiano (Italian)
versamento, distribuzione, consegna
Português (Portuguese)
n. - distribuição (f), classificação (f)
Русский (Russian)
дистрибуция, распределение, доставка
Español (Spanish)
n. - distribución, reparto, diseminación, dispersión, entrega
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - utdelning, indelning, spridning
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
分配, 配给物, 分发
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 分配, 配給物, 分發
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 공급, 분류, 배열, 유통
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 分配, 配布, 分布, 流通
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) توزيع, توزع, تفريق
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - חלוקה, תפוצה, התפלגות, הפצה
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Distribution.
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