Doha

 

(dō'hä) , city (1994 est. pop. 361,500), capital of Qatar, SE Arabia, on the Persian Gulf. Doha was a small fishing and pearling village until oil production in Qatar began in 1949. Since then it has become a modern city, with a deepwater port and an international airport. Fishing is still an important industry.

Doha الدوحة‎
West Bay
Location of Doha within Qatar.
Country	Qatar
Municipality	Ad Dawhah
Established	1850
Area
- City	km²  ( sq mi)
Population (2004)[1]
- City
- Density	/km² (/sq mi)
- Metro
Time zone	AST ([[UTC+3]])

Doha (Arabic: الدوحة, transliteration: Ad-Dawḥah or Ad-Dōḥah) is the capital city of Qatar. With a population of 400,051 according to the 2005 census,^{[citation needed]} it is located in the Ad Dawhah municipality on the Persian Gulf (25.3° N 51.5333° E). Doha is Qatar's largest city, with over 80% of the nation's population residing in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and is the economic center of the country. Doha is home to the Education City, an area devoted to research and education.

History

In 1850, the city of Doha was founded under the name Al-Bida. The name "Doha" came from the Arabic ad-dawha, "the big tree." The reference is to a prominent tree that must have stood at the site where the original fishing village arose, on the eastern coast of the Qatar peninsula. In 1882, al Rayyan built the Al Wajbah fortress, in southwestern Doha. The following year, Sheikh Qassim led a Qatari army to victory against the Ottomans.

The city was made capital of the British protectorate of Qatar in 1916, and when the nation gained independence in 1971, Doha remained the capital of Qatar. In 1917, the Al Kout fortress, which is located in the center of the city, was built by Sheikh Abdulla Bin Qassim Al-Thani. In 1949, oil exportation began in Qatar. Today the nation as a whole produces over 800 000 barrels of oil daily. In 1969, the Government House opened. Today it is considered to be Qatar's most prominent landmark.

In 1973 the University of Qatar opened, and in 1975 the Qatar National Museum opened in what was originally the ruler's palace in 1912. The Al Jazeera Arabic satellite television news channel began broadcasting in 1996, with headquarters and broadcast center in Doha. Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani currently rules in what some consider to be Qatar's most beautiful city.

Demographics

Doha's demographics are unusual as the majority of residents in the city are expatriates, with Qatari nationals forming a minority. The largest portion of expatriates in Qatar are from South Asian countries, with large amounts of expatriates also coming from the Levant Arab countries and East Asia. Doha is also home to expatriates from the United States, South Africa, United Kingdom, Norway, and many other countries.

In the past, expatriates in Qatar were not allowed to own land; however, now people who are not Qatari citizens can buy land in several areas of Doha, including the West Bay Lagoon, the Qatar Pearl and the new Lusail City. Ownership by foreigners in Qatar entitles them to a renewable residency permit, which allows them to live and work in Qatar.

Economy

Much of Qatar's oil and natural gas wealth is visible in Doha, which is the economical centre of Qatar. Doha is home to the headquarters of the country's largest oil and gas companies, including Qatar Petroleum, Qatargas and RasGas. Doha's economy is built on the revenue the country has made from its oil and natural gas industries, and the Qatari government is rapidly trying to diversify the Qatari economy in order to move away from this dependence on oil. As a result, Doha is currently experiencing a very large boom, with the city developing very rapidly - this is mostly the result of Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa's modernization program.

Like the nearby city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, Doha's economy is moving away from its dependency on the oil and natural gas industries, although unlike Dubai, Doha's main focus is not tourism. Doha is seeing huge amounts of growth, with the population of the city increasing by more than 60,000 between 2004 and 2006; this has caused a boom in the real estate sector, with real estate prices skyrocketing ^{[citation needed]}. According to the BBC as of late January 2007, Doha is now a more expensive city than Dubai in terms of real estate prices. This rate of growth has led to projects such as the Lusail City project, which is being constructed north of Doha and will eventually house 200,000 people. Construction is also booming in Doha, a result of increasing corporate and commercial activity in Doha; this is most visible with the changing skyline of the city, as Doha has over 50 towers currently being constructed, the largest of those being the Dubai Towers. While 39 new hotels are joining Qatar's booming tourism market, adding about 9,000 new rooms by 2009.

Education

Doha is home to Qatar University, established in 1973, as well as several other universities located in Doha's Education City. Education City is home to campuses of several well-known universities, including Georgetown University, The Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Texas A&M University and Carnegie Mellon University. ^[2] In addition, the University of Calgary operates a campus here for its world-class nursing program. Doha is also home to many international schools established for its expatriate communities, with dozens of different private schools currently operating in the city. Education has been a big focus of the Qatari government which has led to the development of organizations such as the Qatar Foundation, which operates Education City. There are many elementary and secondary schools in Doha including Qatar Academy, Qatar International School, The American School of Doha, Doha College, and The Qatar Canadian School.

Architecture

Same as most of the rich Middle East cities, Doha is going through a huge construction boom. The city has been inviting international architectural firms to design the new buildings. New projects in Doha features:

• Doha Villa by Kathyrn Findlay
• Qatar Sports Tower
• Weill Cornell Building
• Museum of Islamic Art

Sports

Doha is home to a number of sports stadiums, many of which were renovated in preparation for the 15th Asian Games, held in December 2006, which Doha spent $2.8 billion for preparation. Doha also hosted the 3rd West Asian Games in December 2005. Doha is also expected to host the 2011 Asian Indoor Games; Doha will also host the finals for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup.

Sports venues in Doha and its suburbs include:

• Al Ahli Stadium
• Al Gharrafah Stadium
• Al Itihad Sports Club
• Jassim Bin Hamad Stadium (Al Sadd Stadium)
• Grand Hamad Stadium
• Hamad Aquatic Centre
• Khalifa International Stadium - Main venue for the 2006 Asian Games.
• Khalifa Tennis Stadium
• Markhiya Sports Club
• Qatar Sports Club Stadium

ASPIRE Academy, launched in 2004, is a sports academy which aims to create world-class athletes. It is situated in the Sports City Complex, which also includes the Khalifa International Stadium, the Hamad Aquatic Centre and the Aspire Tower.

The MotoGP motorcycling grand prix of Doha is held annually at Losail International Circuit, located just north of the city.

Doha has submitted a bid for the 2016 Olympics. ^[3]

Transport

Roads

The Mowasalat transportation company recently introduced of a new bus system in Doha. The bus system covers many areas of the city, and there are stops throughout the city. The bus system is mainly used by lower-income groups, and does not attract many from the higher-income groups in the city, which has resulted in increased congestion on the roads of Doha, as most people prefer cars.

Doha also has a large taxi system.

Doha is facing a tremendous problem with respect to congestion on its roads - despite attempts at introducing public transport to relieve congestion, the city's main roads are unable to cope with the huge amount of traffic. The city has seen significant effort dedicated to improving its road system recently, with major intersections being constructed in high traffic areas and new intersections and highways being planned throughout the city. While this will alleviate the city's congestion problems in the long term, it has resulted in large amounts of traffic being diverted to already busy intersections. Many projects to relieve the traffic problems in the city have been introduced, and most of the busy intersections of the city are being upgraded to improve the flow of traffic.

Air

Doha International Airport is Qatar's only international airport. It is the hub of Qatar Airways, and it is served by many other international airlines. Because of the rapid growth in Qatar, and the rapid growth of Qatar Airways, many now consider the airport too small and unable to properly handle all of the traffic that goes through the airport. This problem was recently addressed with a large expansion that was made in anticipation of the 15th Asian Games. In order to accommodate increased traffic, the terminal was expanded. This temporarily eased the size problem, but because of its small size and limited space for expansion, this has not been enough to permanently solve the problem of the airport crowding.

A new airport, the New Doha International Airport, is being constructed near the existing airport, and should solve the problems the current airport has ^[4]. The first phase of the airport should finish in 2009, and will be able to accommodate 25 million passengers annually. Upon the completion of the third phase in 2015, the airport is expected to be able to handle up to 50 million passengers annually ^[5]. The total cost of the New Airport is $22 billion.

Climate

Doha is situated in the Arabian Peninsula, and as such its climate is very hot. Temperatures average over 40 degrees Celsius (104°F) from May to September, and humidity is variable. Dewpoints can reach above 25 degrees Celsius in the summer. During the summer months, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than an inch (25 mm) during other months.^[6] Rainfall is scarce (average 70mm per year), falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. During cool winter nights the temperature can drop below 7 degrees Celsius.

Gallery

The City Center mall	Skyline of Doha	A mosque in Doha	Jassim Bin Hamad Stadium
Islamic center in Doha	Buildings in Doha	An evening view of the Doha Corniche	Souq Waqif
Doha Museum	A panoramic view of the Doha Corniche	The Museum of Islamic Arts

See also

• The Doha Declaration
• the Doha round of WTO talks

References

External links

• Doha Asian Games Gallery
• Photos of the Doha Corniche and Fish Market
• Qatar, Doha PhotoGallery
• Interactive Map Site & Directory A map site and directory for the city of Doha using Google satellite imagery with street maps
• Information and History of Doha
• Planning Council

• Maps and aerial photos for 25°′″N 51°′″E / 25.305, 51.5184Coordinates: 25°′″N 51°′″E / 25.305, 51.5184
  • Maps from MapQuest, Multimap and Yahoo! Maps
  • Satellite images and maps from Google Maps and Live Search
  • Other mapping from GlobalGuide and WikiMapia

Capitals of Asia
Central Asia	Kabul, Afghanistan (sometimes considered South Asian) · Astana, Kazakhstan · Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan · Dushanbe, Tajikistan · Ashgabat, Turkmenistan · Tashkent, Uzbekistan
East Asia	Beijing, People's Republic of China (China) · Taipei, Republic of China (Taiwan) · Tokyo, Japan · Pyongyang, North Korea · Seoul, South Korea · Ulan Bator, Mongolia
South Asia	Kabul, Afghanistan (often considered Central Asian) · Dhaka, Bangladesh · Thimphu, Bhutan · New Delhi, India · Malé, Maldives · Kathmandu, Nepal · Islamabad, Pakistan · Kotte (official, administrative) and Colombo (commercial), Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia	Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei · Phnom Penh, Cambodia · Dili, East Timor · Jakarta, Indonesia · Vientiane, Laos · Kuala Lumpur (official) and Putrajaya (administrative), Malaysia · Naypyidaw, Myanmar · Manila, Philippines · Singapore, Singapore · Bangkok, Thailand  · Hanoi, Vietnam
Southwest Asia	Yerevan, Armenia · Baku, Azerbaijan · Manama, Bahrain · Nicosia, Cyprus · Tbilisi, Georgia · Tehran, Iran · Baghdad, Iraq · Jerusalem (official, administrative) and Tel Aviv, (diplomatic) Israel · Amman, Jordan · Kuwait City, Kuwait · Beirut, Lebanon · Muscat, Oman · Doha, Qatar · Riyadh, Saudi Arabia · Damascus, Syria · Ankara, Turkey · Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · San‘a’, Yemen

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