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| King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 동명성왕 or 동명왕 |
| Hanja | 東明聖王 or 東明王 |
| Revised Romanization | Dongmyeong-seongwang or Dongmyeong-wang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Tongmyŏng-sŏngwang or Tongmyŏng-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 고주몽 or 추모 |
| Hanja | 高朱蒙 or 鄒牟 |
| Revised Romanization | Go Jumong or Chumo |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ko Chumong or Ch'umo |
| Monarchs of Korea Goguryeo |
|---|
|
King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 - 19 BC, r. 37 – 19 BC), "Dongmyeongseongwang" (東明聖王) also known by his birth name Jumong, was the founding monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the Gwanggaeto Stele, he is called Chumo-wang (King Chumo). In the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, he is recorded as Jumong, with the surname Go. The Samguk Sagi states that he was also known as Chumo or Sanghae (상해, 象解). The name is also transcribed in other records as Chumong (추몽, 鄒蒙), Jungmo (중모, 中牟 or 仲牟), or Domo (도모, 都牟).[1]
Contents |
Birth
The founding myths of Goguryeo are related in ancient Korean texts, including the Gwanggaeto stele. The best known version is found, with slight variations, in the Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa, and the Dongmyeongwangpyeon of the Dongguk I sangguk jip (Collected Works of Minister Yi of Korea) by Yi Gyu-bo.
There have been disputes over who the father of Jumong really was. In some Korean texts, Jumong is described as the son of Hae Mosu (解慕漱：the son of heaven) and Yuhwa (柳花：daughter of the river god Habaek (河伯)). It is said that Hae Mosu met Yuhwa by a river where she was bathing, but the river god disapproved of Hae Mosu, who returned to heaven. The river god chased Yuhwa away to Ubalsu (優渤水), where she met and became the concubine of King Geumwa of Dongbuyeo. Yuwha was impregnated by sunlight and gave birth to an egg.[2] Geumwa tried to destroy the egg, and tried to feed it to animals, who instead protected the egg from harm. Geumwa returned it to Yuhwa. From the egg hatched a baby boy, who was named Jumong, apparently meaning "skilled archer" in the ancient Buyeo language.
Leaving Dongbuyeo
Jumong was known for his exceptional skill at archery. Eventually, Geumwa's sons became jealous of him, and Jumong was forced to leave Dongbuyeo. According to legend, as he fled on his horse, he approached a fast-running river. Turtles and creatures of the water rose up and formed a bridge.[3] He entered the land south of the river. In 37 BC, Jumong became the first king of the Goguryeo, and reunited all of the five tribes of Jolbon into one kingdom and he was married to So Seo-no, who is daughter of Jolbon's chief.
The first King of Goguryeo
In 37 BC, Jumong established Goguryeo, and became its first "Supreme King." During that same year, King Songyang of Biryu surrendered to him after receiving assistance in defeating the Malgal tribe that had invaded. In 34 BC, Jolbon-seong, Goguryeo's first capital city, was completed, along with the palace. Four years later, in 28 BC, Jumong sent General Bu Wiyeom to conquer the kingdom of Okjeo.[4] [5] During that same year, Jumong's mother, Yuhwa, died in the palace of Dongbuyeo, and was given the burial ceremony of a Royal Queen even though she was a concubine (she was not a Royal Wife.)
Jumong sent a messenger and numerous gifts to King Geumwa in gratitude of his generous act. In 19 BC, Jumong's first wife Ye Soya fled Dongbuyeo with their son, Yuri, and entered Goguryeo.[6] Ye became the empress, causing tension as Jumong's second wife, So Seo-no, feared for her sons' positions in the future of Goguryeo. So Seo-no left Goguryeo with her two sons and some of the people and headed further south into the Korean peninsula, into what is now South Korea. There she built Baekje. Jumong named his first son Yuri as the crown prince and successor to the throne.
Death and Succession
Jumong died in 19 BC at the age of 40.[7] Crown Prince Yuri buried his father in a pyramid tomb, and gave him the posthumous name of Chumo-seongwang.
Legacy
Jumong's kingdom of Goguryeo eventually grew into a great regional power. Goguryeo stood for 705 years and was ruled by a total of 28 kings in the Go Royal Family until it was conquered by the Silla-Tang alliance. Balhae and Goryeo succeeded it, and the modern descendants of Jumong still bear his family name "Go."
In popular culture
In 2006-2007, the South Korean television network MBC aired a highly popular 81-episode drama, Jumong.
Family
- 1st Wife: Queen Yisoya
- Yuri (King Yuri),
- 2nd Wife: Queen Soseno
References
- ^ Digital Korean Studies http://www.koreandb.net/KPeople/KPShow.asp?ID=0003672&Type=L
- ^ Retrieved on March 6th of 2008. http://www.koreandb.net/KPeople/KPShow.asp?ID=0003672&Type=L
- ^ http://www.seelotus.com/gojeon/gojeon/seol-hwa/dong-myeong-wang.htm (Kor)
- ^ History of Korea (Korean) http://www.koreandb.net/KoreanKing/html/person/p121_03672.htm
- ^ 《三国史记》：“六年 秋八月 神雀集宫庭 冬十月 王命乌伊扶芬奴 伐太白山东南人国 取其地为城邑。十年 秋九月 鸾集于王台 冬十一月 王命扶尉 伐北沃沮灭之 以其地为城邑”
- ^ 十九年 夏四月 王子類利自扶餘與其母逃歸 王喜之 立爲太子, 《Samguksagi》 concerning Goguryeo, volume 13.
- ^ 秋九月 王升遐 時年四十歲 葬龍山 號東明聖王, 《Samguksagi》 Goguryeo, volume 13.
See also
| New title | King of Goguryeo 37 BC – 19 BC |
Succeeded by King Yuri |
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