When whales walked on all fours
The ocean's largest animals' forebears previously walked on land. Follow them on their incredible adventure from coast to sea.
Whales, although being great swimmers and completely adapted to life underwater, used to walk on four legs.
Their land-dwelling forefathers lived approximately 50 million years ago.
Meet Pakicetus, a goat-sized, four-legged creature recognized by scientists as one of the first cetaceans (the group of marine animals that includes dolphins and whales).
One of the most fascinating evolutionary journeys known to science is that of Pakicetus' ancestors evolving into whales.
What were the first whales like?
Pakicetus (seen above) had no resemblance to a whale, but it would have felt at home in the water. It existed on land, among lakes and riverbanks in what is now Pakistan and India.
It hunted small terrestrial creatures as well as Freshwater Fish, and it could even hear underwater.
This animal's relatives eventually travelled further into the ocean and adapted to cope with their new habitat.
Into the sea
Ambulocetus was the name given to one of these relatives. Around 50 to 48 million years ago, it resided in or near estuaries.
It spent time in and out of the water like Pakicetus, but its huge feet resembled flippers rather than its ancestor's larger legs. It also swam by using its tail.
Dorudon, which lived 40 to 33 million years ago, is found further down this evolutionary path.
This five-metre-long creature has functional flippers and tiny hind legs. It spent its entire life in the sea and was an excellent swimmer. It also gave birth to its offspring while submerged.
Cetaceans had totally adapted to living in the sea within 10 million years, from the time of Pakicetus to the time of Dorudon. That may seem like a long period, but in evolutionary standards, it is quite quick.
Whales that lack teeth
Dorudon's descendants went on to evolve into contemporary whales.
A group of whales began to evolve a new style of eating some 34 million years ago. Their heads were flatter, and they had feeding filters in their mouths.
These are known as baleen whales, and they include blue and humpback whales.
Other whales, such as dolphins, porpoises, orcas, and sperm whales, preserve their teeth.