The double quotes are used to enclose pieces of text that you may want in a formula. There are many functions that use text. You can have many formulas that use text. If you are using text literally in a formula or function, then it needs to be enclosed in double quotes. If you don't it will try to interpret it as a cell or name reference. Say you have an IF function that you want to display either the word Pass or Fail based on exam results, where the pass mark is 40%. Your formula would be like this, noting the use of the double quotes:

=IF(A2>=40%, "Pass","Fail")

The double quotes are used to enclose pieces of text that you may want in a formula. There are many functions that use text. You can have many formulas that use text. If you are using text literally in a formula or function, then it needs to be enclosed in double quotes. If you don't it will try to interpret it as a cell or name reference. Say you have an IF function that you want to display either the word Pass or Fail based on exam results, where the pass mark is 40%. Your formula would be like this, noting the use of the double quotes:

=IF(A2>=40%, "Pass","Fail")

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