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dragonfly

 
Dictionary: drag·on·fly   (drăg'ən-flī') pronunciation
 
n.

Any of various large insects of the order Odonata or suborder Anisoptera, having a long slender body and two pairs of narrow, net-veined wings that are usually held outstretched while the insect is at rest. Also called regionally darner, darning needle; Also called devil's darning needle, ear sewer; Also called mosquito fly, mosquito hawk; Also called needle, skeeter hawk; Also called snake doctor, snake feeder; Also called spindle.

REGIONAL NOTE   Regional terms for the dragonfly are numerous—the Dictionary of American Regional English lists nearly 80 of them. The greatest variety of terms is to be found in the South, where the most widespread term is snake doctor (a name based on a folk belief that dragonflies take care of snakes). The Midland equivalent is snake feeder. Speakers from the Lower South and the Mississippi Valley, on the other hand, are more likely to refer to the same insect as a mosquito fly, mosquito hawk, or, in the South Atlantic states, a skeeter hawk. The imagery outside the South often alludes to the insect's shape rather than its behavior or diet: speakers in the West, Upper North, and New England call it a darner, darning needle, or, less commonly, a devil's darning needle, and those in the Upper North also refer to it just as a needle; those in Coastal New Jersey, a spindle; and those in the San Francisco Bay area, an ear sewer, that is, a creature that sews up your ears.


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Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Dragonfly
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A member of the suborder Anisoptera of the order Odonata of the class Insecta. The adults are large, attractive insects characterized by four similar-appearing elongate, membranous wings with numerous characteristic veins; very large compound eyes; tiny antennae; chewing mouthparts; and a long, slender abdomen terminating in a short pair of cerci. Adults are strong, agile fliers and are all predacious. In flight, their legs are held to form a “basket” which entraps small insects. Dragonflies are considered very beneficial since they consume large numbers of mosquitoes, flies, gnats, and similar pests. Dragonflies are most commonly found near permanent water. Eggs are laid in the water or on the banks. The nymphs are all aquatic and predacious. See also Odonata.


 

Dragonfly (Libellula forensis).
(click to enlarge)
Dragonfly (Libellula forensis). (credit: E.S. Ross)
Any member of the insect suborder Anisoptera (order Odonata), characterized by four large, membranous, many-veined wings, that, when at rest, are held horizontally rather than vertically (see damselfly). Dragonflies are agile and have bulging eyes that often occupy most of the head and a wingspan of about 6 in. (16 cm). The dragonfly is one of the fastest-flying and most predaceous insects; in 30 minutes it can eat its own weight in food. Dragonflies differ from most other insects by having the male copulatory organs at the front part of the abdomen rather than at the back end. Male and female often fly in tandem during sperm transfer.

For more information on dragonfly, visit Britannica.com.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: dragonfly
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dragonfly, any insect of the order Odonata, which also includes the damselfly. Members of this order are generally large predatory insects and characteristically have chewing mouthparts and four membranous, net-veined wings; they undergo complete metamorphosis. Species are found throughout the world except in the polar regions; the greatest variety occurs in the tropics. Dragonflies, which are commonly called horse stingers and devil's darning needles, are strong fliers with elongated bodies; they rest with their wings outstretched. Some are 5 in. (12.7 cm) long. Damselflies are smaller, with slender, often brilliantly colored, bodies and rest with their wings folded back. Both lay eggs on or near water. The nymphs are aquatic and breathe by means of gills located at the end of the abdomen; the gills can also be used for propulsion through the water. The nymphs feed on insect larvae and are an important food for fish and birds. When grown, they crawl up out of the water and molt. Most species produce a single generation each year, with the nymph stage usually overwintering. Both nymphs and adults prey on mosquitoes and other insects and are harmless, indeed beneficial, to humans. Fossil remains of a form from the Permian period, with a wingspread of 21/2 ft (76 cm), were found in Kansas. Dragonflies are classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Odonata.


 
Wikipedia: Dragonfly
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Dragonfly

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Epiprocta
Infraorder: Anisoptera
Selys, 1800
Families

Aeshnidae
Austropetaliidae
Cordulegastridae
Corduliidae
Gomphidae
Libellulidae
Macromiidae
Neopetaliidae
Petaluridae

A dragonfly is a type of insect belonging to the order Odonata, the suborder Epiprocta or, in the strict sense, the infraorder Anisoptera. It is characterized by large multifaceted eyes, two pairs of strong transparent wings, and an elongated body. Dragonflies are similar to damselflies, but the adults can be differentiated by the fact that the wings of most dragonflies are held away from, and perpendicular to, the body when at rest. Even though dragonflies possess 6 legs like any other insect, they are not capable of walking.

Dragonflies are valuable predators that eat mosquitoes, and other small insects like flies, bees, ants, and butterflies. They are usually found around lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands because their larvae, known as "nymphs", are aquatic.

Nymphs can deliver a painful bite when threatened. The wound should be cleaned thoroughly to prevent water-borne infections.

Life cycle

Dragonfly emerging as an adult
Pair of Yellow Striped Hunters mating

Female dragonfly lay eggs in or near water, often on floating or emergent plants. When laying eggs, some species will submerge themselves completely in order to lay their eggs on a good surface. The eggs then hatch into nymphs. Most of a dragonfly's life is spent in the naiad (that is, nymph) form, beneath the water's surface, using extendable jaws to catch other invertebrates or even vertebrates such as tadpoles, fish, etc. They breathe through gills in their rectum, and can rapidly propel themselves by suddenly expelling water through the anus.[1] Some nymphs even hunt on land,[2] an aptitude which could easily have been more common in ancient times when terrestrial predators were clumsier.

The larval stage of large dragonflies may last as long as five years. In smaller species, this stage may last between two months and three years. When the larva is ready to metamorphose into an adult, it climbs up a reed or other emergent plant. Exposure to air causes the larvae to begin breathing. The skin splits at a weak spot behind the head and the adult dragonfly crawls out of its old larval skin, pumps up its wings, and flies off to feed on midges and flies. The adult stage of larger species of dragonfly can last as long as five or six years.

Classification (Anisozygoptera)

Formerly, the Anisoptera were given suborder rank beside the "ancient dragonflies" (Anisozygoptera) which were believed to contain the two living species of the genus Epiophlebia and numerous fossil ones. More recently it turned out that the "anisozygopterans" form a paraplegic assemblage of morphologically primitive relatives of the Anisoptera. Thus, the Anisoptera (true dragonflies) are reduced to an infraorder in the new suborder Epiprocta (dragonflies in general). The artificial grouping Anisozygoptera is disbanded, its members being largely recognized as extinct offshoots at various stages of dragonfly evolution. The two living species formerly placed there — the Asian relict dragonflies — form the infraorder Epiophlebioptera alongside the Anisoptera.

  1. ^ Waldbauer, Gilbert (2006). A Walk Around the Pond: Insects in and Over the Water. Harvard University Press. pp. 105. ISBN 9780674022119. http://books.google.com/books?id=WtUc-YdjZzgC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=dragonfly+nymph+water+rectum&source=web&ots=j2hvxI_vHC&sig=D4hXLuWtQAJUW7WIISfMY_K201s#PPA105,M1. 
  2. ^ Grzimeck, HC; Bernard (1975). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia Vol 22. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. pp. 348. 

External links


 
Translations: Dragonfly
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - guldsmed

Nederlands (Dutch)
libel, waterjuffer

Français (French)
n. - demoiselle, libellule

Deutsch (German)
n. - Libelle, Wasserjungfer

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (εντομ.) λιβελλούλη, σαλταμπίγκος

Italiano (Italian)
libellula

Português (Portuguese)
n. - libélula (f) (Zool.)

Русский (Russian)
стрекоза

Español (Spanish)
n. - libélula

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - trollslända

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
蜻蜓

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 蜻蜓

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 잠자리

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - トンボ

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) اليعسوب ( نوع من الحشرات)‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮שפירית (חרק)‬


 
 

 

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Sci-Tech Encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dragonfly" Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

 

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