Dictionary:

drum

  (drŭm)

1. 1. A percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere with a membrane stretched tightly over one or both ends, played by beating with the hands or sticks.
   2. A sound produced by this instrument.
2. Something resembling a drum in shape or structure, especially a barrellike metal container or a metal cylinder wound with cable, wire, or heavy rope.
3. Architecture.
   1. A circular or polygonal wall supporting a dome or cupola. Also called tambour.
   2. Any of the cylindrical stone blocks that are stacked to form the shaft of a column.
4. Any of various marine and freshwater fishes of the family Sciaenidae that make a drumming sound.
5. Anatomy. The eardrum.

1. To play a drum or drums.
2. To thump or tap rhythmically or continually: nervously drummed on the table.
3. To produce a booming, reverberating sound by beating the wings, as certain birds do.

1. To perform (a piece or tune) on or as if on a drum.
2. To summon by or as if by beating a drum.
3. To make known to or force upon (a person) by constant repetition: drummed the answers into my head.
4. To expel or dismiss in disgrace. Often used with out: was drummed out of the army.

drum up

1. To bring about by continuous, persistent effort: drum up new business.
2. To devise; invent: drummed up an alibi.

[Middle English drom, probably alteration of Middle Dutch tromme, probably of imitative origin.]

Background

A drum is a musical instrument which produces sound by the vibration of a stretched membrane. The membrane, which is known as the head, covers one or both ends of a hollow body known as the shell. Instruments that produce sound by means of a vibrating membrane are also known as membranophones. Drums are part of the larger category of musical devices known as percussion instruments. Percussion instruments other than membranophones are known as idiophones. Idiophones, such as bells and cymbals, produce sound by the vibration of the instrument itself rather than by an attached membrane.

Drums exist in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. The two basic shapes for shells are bowls and tubes. The most familiar bowlshaped drums in Western music are kettledrums, also known as timpani. Tubular drums may be taller than they are wide, such as conga drums, or shorter than they are wide. Short drums, also known as shallow drums, are the most common tubular drums used in Western music. Shallow drums include snare drums, tenor drums, and bass drums. If a tubular drum is so shallow that the shell does not resonate, it is known as a frame drum. The most familiar type of frame drum is the tambourine.

Drums are usually played by being struck. Some drums, such as bongo drums, are designed to be played by striking them directly with the hand. In modern Western music, most drums are designed to be played by being struck with various devices known as beaters. The most familiar beaters are wooden sticks, generally used to play smaller drums such as snare drums, and padded wooden mallets, used to play larger drums such as bass drums. Sometimes drums are struck with wire brushes or other types of beaters to produce a different sound.

Some drums, particularly in non-Western cultures, are played in ways other than being struck. Rattle drums contain pellets within the shell or knotted cords attached to the head and are played by being shaken. Friction drums are played by being rubbed. Some membranophones have the vibrating membrane set into motion by sound waves coming from a human voice or from another musical instrument. These devices are known as mirlitons. The most familiar mirliton is the kazoo.

Drums are either tunable, so that they produce a particular note, or nontunable. Most drums in Western music are nontunable. The only commonly used tunable drums in Western music are timpani. Idiophones, which exist in an even greater variety than membranophones, may also be tunable, such as a xylophone, or nontunable, such as a rattle.

History

Percussion instruments have been used since prehistoric times. The earliest drums consisted of fish or reptile skin stretched over hollow tree trunks and were struck with the hands. Somewhat later the skins of wild or domesticated mammals were used to make larger drums which were struck with sticks. Besides tree trunks, skins were also stretched over pits dug into the ground to make large drums or over openings in pots or gourds to make small drums.

Frame drums were used by the ancient civilizations of the Middle East about 5,000 years ago. They were later adapted by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The Romans also used tubular drums with skins stretched over both ends of a hollow shell. After the fall of Rome, drums were not commonly used in Western Europe, although they continued to be used by the Arabs. The Crusades brought Europeans in contact with the Arab culture. From the Arabs, Europeans adapted the tambourine (a small frame drum), the naker (a small kettledrum), and the tabor (a small tubular drum). The tabor was often used with a snare, which consisted of thin cords of animal gut stretched across one of the heads in order to produce a rattling sound. The snared tabor is the ancestor of the modern snare drum.

Large kettledrums, long used in the Middle East, were introduced to Western Europe in the fifteenth century. These instruments consisted of calfskin stretched over large copper cauldrons and were used for military and ceremonial purposes. They were first used in orchestras in the late seventeenth century.

The bass drum, a large tubular drum, was rare in Europe until the late eighteenth century. The snare drum and the tenor drum (a somewhat larger version of the snare drum, but without the snare) were used primarily for military purposes until the nineteenth century.

Timpani became an important part of orchestral music during the nineteenth century. During the 1880s, devices were developed which allowed timpani players to change the pitch of the instrument quickly, allowing them to play more complex melodies.

An important development in drum manufacturing occurred in the 1950s when drum makers began to experiment with using plastic instead of animal skin to make heads. Although some drummers, particularly timpani players, preferred the sound of heads made with animal skins, plastic heads soon almost completely replaced traditional heads. A few individual drum makers still make heads from animal skins for musicians who prefer this type of product.

During the twentieth century, percussion instruments of all kinds became important in both orchestral music and in popular music. A modern drum set used by popular musicians such as jazz and rock drummers often consists of a bass drum struck with a mallet operated by a foot pedal, a snare drum, a series of tubular drums of various sizes, and a set of cymbals.

Raw Materials

Until the late 1950s, the head of a drum was almost always made of animal skin. Modern heads are now almost always made of plastic. Usually some form of polyester is used. Polyesters are plastics in which numerous small molecules are linked together into a long chain using a chemical bond known as an ester group. The most common form of polyester used in the drum industry is known as polyethylene terephthalate, available under trade names such as Mylar. Polyethylene terephthalate has the advantage of being strong and resistant to moisture, heat, sunlight, and many chemicals. Polyethylene terephthalate is made from the chemical compounds ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. These substances are derived from petroleum

The shell of a drum is usually made of wood. Commonly used woods include maple, birch, and poplar. Some drums have a shell made of metal. Commonly used metals include steel, aluminum, brass, and bronze. Sometimes synthetic materials are used to make shells. These materials are usually strong, hard plastics.

The various hardware components that hold the drum together are usually made of steel. Sometimes other metals such as brass or aluminum are used. In some cases, these components are made of wood or strong plastic.

Optional attachments such as stands to hold the drum in front of the drummer are usually made of steel or aluminum. Straps to hold the drum in place while marching in a band are generally made from leather, plastic, or cloth. The snare of a snare drum consists of thin strands of various materials such as steel, aluminum, plastic, or animal gut.

The Manufacturing
Process

Making the hardware components

• Metal hardware components are made using precision metalworking equipment such as drills and lathes. Wood hardware components are carved from blocks of wood using various kinds of cutting instruments. Plastic hardware components are often made using a process known as injection molding. This process involves heating the plastic until it melts, injecting the molten plastic into a mold in the shape of the desired component, allowing the plastic to cool back into a solid, opening the mold, and removing the completed component.

Making the head

• Polyethylene terephthalate is made by combining terephthalic acid (or a derivative such as dimethyl terephthalate) with ethylene glycol. These chemicals are subjected to heat to produce hot, liquid plastic. The liquid is cooled on a large metal roller to form a solid, then stretched between smaller metal rollers to produce a thin film. Various additives may be included to produce films in many colors, which may be either transparent or opaque.
• The polyethylene terephthalate film is shipped to the drum manufacturer on large rolls. Circles of the proper sizes to make drum heads are cut from the film using precision cutting tools.
• The edge of the plastic circle is softened by a heating element and allowed to cool to form a collar around the circumference. A steel ring is placed within the collar and an aluminum ring is placed outside the collar. The ring is then closed on a rolling machine to produce a tubular, secure circle of metal, which serves to keep the plastic skin taut. The completed head is stored until needed for assembly.

Making the shell

• Metal shells are made using a variety of methods including casting (pouring molten metal into a mold in the shape of the shell) and machining (shaping the metal with various metalworking machines such as drills and lathes). Plastic shells may be made using injection molding.
• Most shells are made of wood. Wooden shells are made from large, thin panels of wood known as veneer. Veneer is cut from lumber with large saws and shipped from the lumber company to the drum manufacturer.
• Veneer is cut to the proper size to make the shell by a computer-controlled saw. The cut pieces of veneer are sorted by size and stored under controlled temperature and humidity until needed.
• Pieces of cut veneer of the proper sizes are moved through a glue press. This device applies glue to the veneer as it passes between large metal rollers. The pieces of veneer are then rolled together to form a cylinder consisting of about 7-9 layers of veneer. The rolled veneer is inserted into a metal mold of the proper size to make the desired shell.
• A variety of methods exist to apply pressure to the glued layers of veneer within the mold. A bag within the mold may be inflated to apply pressure. Water or oil may also be used to apply pressure. The glue may be allowed to dry slowly on its own or an electrical current may be applied to dry the glue quickly.
• The shell is removed from the mold. It is then cut with a rapidly rotating blade to produce a 45° angle on its edge. In other words, the layers of veneer are cut at slightly different heights, with the innermost layer being the shortest and the outermost layer being the tallest. This sloping edge will allow the head to fit in place.
• The shell is sanded with high power sanders to produce a smooth surface. It is then either stained or covered with a sheet of shiny, decorative plastic in various colors and patterns. If it is stained, it is rotated while wood stain of various colors is sprayed on it. The stain is then dried quickly with ultraviolet light. A clear, shiny topcoat is then applied and dried in a similar way.

Assembling the drum

• Precision drills are used to drill holes in the shell to allow the hardware components to be attached. Lugs, which hold the head in place, are screwed into the shell. Long, thin metal rods known as tension rods pass through the aluminum ring surrounding the head and into the lugs. The degree of tension on the head can be controlled by using a drum key, which tightens or loosens the tension rods.
• For a snare drum, a small amount of one edge of the shell is cut away to allow the snare to fit in place so that it touches one of the heads. The snare is attached in such a way that it can either be held tight, producing the snared sound, or held loose, producing the unsnared sound.

Packaging and shipping

• The drum is placed in a plastic bag. It is then placed in a cardboard box containing pieces of expanded polystyrene foam, a firm, light plastic that prevents the drum from moving during shipping. The boxes are then shipped to musicians, music stores, orchestras, marching bands, and other consumers.

Quality Control

The most important factor in the quality control of drum manufacturing is the size and shape of the various components. The wooden veneer must be cut to the precise size to allow several layers to fit together to form a cylinder. The plastic head and the metal rings that hold it in place must fit together properly. The lugs and other hard-ware components must be positioned correctly in exact holes drilled in the proper places in the shell.

The external appearance of the drum is important to drummers. Each drum is visually inspected to ensure that the wood stain or decorative plastic wrapping is free from defects.

The Future

During the 1980s, it seemed that electronic drum machines (flat panels that produce a synthesized sound when struck) might replace traditional drums in popular music. It soon became obvious that drummers preferred playing traditional drums. In the future, small electronic devices may be attached to drums to allow the sound to be manipulated in new ways while allowing the drummer to enjoy the experience of playing traditional drums.

Where to Learn More

Books

Bonfoey, Mark P. Percussion Repair and Maintenance. Belwin Mills, 1986.

Holland, James. Percussion. Schirmer Books, 1978.

Percussion Anthology. The Instrumentalist Company, 1988.

[Article by: Rose Secrest]

Ancient techspeak term referring to slow, cylindrical magnetic media that were once state-of-the-art storage devices. Under some versions of BSD Unix the disk partition used for swapping is still called /dev/drum; this has led to considerable humor and not a few straight-faced but utterly bogus ‘explanations’ getting foisted on newbies. See also “ The Story of Mel'” in Appendix A.

For more information on drum, visit Britannica.com.

1. One of the cylinders of stone which form a column.
2. A round or polygonal wall below a dome, often pierced with windows. 3. The bell of Composite or Corinthian capitals.

Modern dance work in one act with choreography by Laura Dean and music by Steve Reich. Premiered 3 April 1975 by the Laura Dean Dance Company at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York. Its vocabulary of simple repetitive steps mirrors the trance-like power of the music.

Bass drum made from wood, rope, and cowskin

The drum is a member of the percussion group that can be large, technically classified as a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with parts of a player's body, or with some sort of implement such as a drumstick, to produce sound. Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.Most drums are considered "untuned instruments", however many modern musicians are beginning to tune drums to songs; Terry Bozzio has constructed a kit using Diatonic and Chromatically tuned drums, few such as timpaniare always tuned to a certain pitch. Often, several drums are arranged together to create a drum set that can be played by a musician.

Construction

The shell almost invariably has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. In the western musical tradition, the most usual shape is a cylinder, although timpani, for example, use bowl-shaped shells. Other shapes include a frame design (tar Bodhrán), truncated cones (bongo drums, Ashiko), goblet shaped and joined truncated cones (talking drum).

Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as is the case with timbales), or can have two drum heads. Single-headed drums normally consist of a skin or other membrane, called a head, which is stretched over an enclosed space, or over one of the ends of a hollow vessel. Drums with two heads covering both ends of a cylindrical shell often have a small hole somewhat halfway between the two heads; the shell forms a resonating chamber for the resulting sound. Exceptions include the African slit drum, made from a hollowed-out tree trunk, and the Caribbean steel drum, made from a metal barrel. Drums with two heads can also have a set of wires, called snares, held across the bottom head, top head, or both heads, hence the name snare drum.

On modern band and orchestral drums, the drumhead is affixed to a hoop (also called a "rim"), which in turn is held onto the shell by a "counterhoop", which is then held by means of a number of tuning screws called "tension rods" (also known as lugs) placed regularly around the circumference. The head's tension can be adjusted by loosening or tightening the rods. Many such drums have six to ten tension rods. The sound of a drum depends on several variables, including shape, size and thickness of its shell, materials from which the shell was made, type of drumhead used and tension applied to it, position of the drum, location, and the velocity and angle in which it is struck.

Prior to the invention of tension rods drum skins were attached and tuned by rope systems such as that used on the Djembe or pegs and ropes such as that used on Ewe Drums.

Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863

Uses

Drums are usually played by the hands, or by one or two sticks. In many traditional cultures drums have a symbolic function and are often used in religious ceremonies. Drums are often used in music therapy, especially hand drums, because of their tactile nature and easy use by a wide variety of people.^[1]

Within the realm of popular music and jazz, "drums" usually refers to a drum kit or a set of drums, and "drummer" to the actual band member or person who plays them.

History

In the past drums have been used not only for their musical qualities, but also as a means of communication, especially through signals. The talking drums of Africa can imitate the inflections and pitch variations of a spoken language and are used for communicating over great distances. Throughout Sri Lankan history drums have been used for communication between the state and the community, and Sri Lankan drums have a history stretching back over 2500 years. Japanese troops used Taiko drums to motivate troops, to help set a marching pace, and to call out orders or announcements. Fife-and-drum corps of Swiss mercenary foot soldiers also used drums. They used an early version of the snare drum carried over the player's right shoulder, suspended by a strap (typically played with one hand using traditional grip). It is to this instrument that English word "drum" was first used. The oldest known drums are from 6000 BC.

Notes

1. ^ Weiss, Rick (1994), "Music Therapy", The Washington Post (no. Jul 5,1994), <http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72257976.html?dids=72257976:72257976&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=JUL+05%2C+1994&author=Rick+Weiss&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MUSIC+THERAPY&pqatl=google>

See also

Several American Indian-style drums for sale at the National Museum of the American Indian.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Drums

• Blast beat
• Double drumming
• Drum beat
• Drum circle
• Drum kit
• Drumline
• Drum machine
• Drum replacement
• Drummer
• Hearing the shape of a drum
• Gallop
• List of drummers
• Musical instrument
• Practice pad
• Percussive Arts Society
• Drumsticks
• electric drums

Types of drum

• Aburukuwa
• Ashiko
• Bass drums
• Bodhrán
• Bongo drums
• Bougarabou
• Cajón
• Chenda
• Conga
• Davul
• Dhol
• Djembe
• Dong Son drum
• Dunun
• Ewe Drums
• Goblet drum
• Hand drum
• Kpanlogo
• Log drum
• Mridangam
• Side drum (Marching snare drum)
• Slit drum
• Snare drum
• Steelpan (steel drum)
• Tabor
• Tambourine
• Taiko
• Tabla
• Talking drum
• Tapan
• Tar
• Tenor drums
• Timbales
• Timpani
• Tom-tom drum

External links

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• 411 Drums — one of the internet's largest drum information portals, with drum lessons, drumtabs, drum tips, and more.
• Drumdojo — encyclopaedic drum information since 1998 - all drum types
• Drums and Drummers — resources on drummers from 1900 to the present.
• Drumtopia Drum News — drumming news, drum tab search and a directory of drum resources.
• Drummer World — a large collection of online drum clinics as well as drum videos.
• Drumming Styles — drum notation for various drumming styles.
• Rock Drumming Underground — articles and lessons
• 1234Drums — Downloadable video drum lessons
• Virtual drums and resources for drummers

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Common misspelling(s) of drumming

• druming

Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - tromme, trommehvirvel, tromle, tønde, del af søjle, bundt, bordel, tip
v. intr. - spille på tromme, banke vedvarende, murke
v. tr. - tromme, hamre på, give et tip

idioms:

• bang the drum    slå på tromme
• drum into    indterpe
• drum kit    trommesæt
• drum major    tamburmajor
• drum majorette    kvindelig tamburmajor
• drum out    smide ud
• drum roll    trommehvirvel
• drum up    tromme sammen, lave under primitive forhold

2.
n. - moræneås

3.
n. - trommefisk

Nederlands (Dutch)
trommel, vat, drum, (mv) drumstel, haspel, segment van zuil, trommelvlies, ombervis, trommelen, instampen, drummen

Français (French)
1.
n. - tonneau, (Mus) tambour, (Mil) batterie (musique, jazz), tonnelet, bidon (d'huile), gonne, tambour (cylindre de fil), (Aut) tambour de frein, (Comput) tambour magnétique, caisse (boîte de bonbons, etc), bruit (du tambour), bourdonnement (d'un insecte), tambourinage, tambourinement
v. intr. - battre le tambour, tambouriner, pianoter sur, bourdonner (un insecte)
v. tr. - tambouriner (air), pianoter (de, avec, sur), (fig) seriner qch à qn

idioms:

• bang the drum for    (fig) battre la grosse caisse pour
• bang the drum of    (fig) battre la grosse caisse de
• drum into    (fig) seriner (qch à qn)
• drum kit    batterie
• drum major    (GB) tambour-major, (US) chef des tambours
• drum majorette    majorette
• drum out    (Mil) renvoyer (un militaire), expulser (qn) (d'un club, etc) avec ignominie
• drum roll    roulement de tambour
• drum up    rassembler, racoler (des clients, des supporters), susciter (l'enthousiasme, le soutien)

2.
n. - colline, vallon

3.
n. - poisson plat

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Faß, Trommel, Schlagzeug, Trommelfell, Trommeln
v. - trommeln

idioms:

• bang the drum for    kräftig unterstützen, mit öffentlichen Geldern unterstützen, die Trommel für jdn./etwas rühren
• bang the drum of    kräftig unterstützen, mit öffentlichen Geldern unterstützen, die Trommel für jdn./etwas rühren
• drum into    (ugs.) einbleuen
• drum kit    Schlagzeug
• drum major    Tambourmajor
• drum majorette    Tambourmajorette
• drum out    austrommeln, verjagen
• drum roll    rollendes Trommeln
• drum up    zusammentrommeln, erwecken

2.
n. - Drumlin, langer, schmaler Hügel, Schotterhügel

3.
n. - amer. Umberfisch

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - τύμπανο, ταμπούρλο, εξέλικτρο, καρούλι, βαρέλι (πίσσας), κυλινδρικό δοχείο, (μεταλλικό) βαρελάκι
v. - τυμπανίζω, κρούω τύμπανο, παίζω ταμπούρλο, εντυπώνω ιδέα κ.λπ. με συχνή επανάληψη, (μτφ.) στρατολογώ

idioms:

• bang the drum    διατυμπανίζω, διαφημίζομαι
• drum into    (καθομ.) εντυπώνω (στο μυαλό του)
• drum kit    (πλήρες σύστημα) ντραμς
• drum major    (στρατ.) αρχιτυμπανιστής
• drum majorette    αρχιμαζορέτα (μπάντας)
• drum out    (στρατ.) αποτάσσω, (μτφ.) καθαιρώ, ξηλώνω
• drum roll    τυμπανοκρουσία
• drum up    στρατολογώ, επιστρατεύω

Italiano (Italian)
battere il tamburo, barile, grancassa, tamburo della lavatrice, rullio

idioms:

• drum into    inculcare
• drum kit    insieme a percussione
• drum major    tamburo maggiore
• drum majorette    majorette
• drum out    espellere
• drum roll    rullio del tamburo
• drum up    procurarsi

Português (Portuguese)
n. - tambor (m), ouvido (m) médio (Anat.)
v. - tamborilar

idioms:

• bang the drum    sustentar uma idéia com veemência
• beat the drum    bater no tambor
• drum into    incutir
• drum kit    jogo (m) de tambores
• drum major    dirigente (m) de banda
• drum majorette    dirigente (f) da banda
• drum out    expulsar
• drum roll    rufar contínuo de tambores
• drum up    martelar, insistir

Русский (Russian)
барабанить, барабан, металлическая бочка, цилиндр

idioms:

• bang the drum    пропагандировать
• beat the drum    агитировать
• drum into    вдолбить
• drum kit    несколько барабанов вместе
• drum major    тамбурмажор
• drum majorette    тамбурмажоретка
• drum out    исключить
• drum roll    барабанная дробь
• drum up    придумать, найти

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - bidón, tambor, bombona, bombo, timbal, redoble, tímpano
v. intr. - tocar el tambor, tamborilear
v. tr. - tocar el tambor, tamborilear, llenar un tambor

idioms:

• bang the drum for    apoyar públicamente, anunciar públicamente, fomentar
• bang the drum of    apoyar públicamente, anunciar públicamente, fomentar
• drum into    entrar en la cabeza, inculcar
• drum kit    batería
• drum major    jefe de la banda, tambor mayor
• drum majorette    batonista
• drum out    expulsar
• drum roll    redoble de tambor
• drum up    conseguir, obtener, lograr apoyo

2.
n. - cerro largo y angosto

3.
n. - tipo de pescado

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - trumma, trumslagare, bar, sylta
v. - trumma, dunka, värva

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
鼓, 鼓声, 击鼓, 作鼓声, 打鼓奏

idioms:

• bang the drum    竭力鼓吹
• drum into    强调...
• drum kit    一套鼓
• drum major    乐队的指挥人, 鼓乐队队长
• drum majorette    军乐队女指挥
• drum out    轰走
• drum roll    击鼓, 击鼓声
• drum up    召集

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 鼓, 鼓聲
v. intr. - 擊鼓, 作鼓聲
v. tr. - 打鼓奏

idioms:

• bang the drum    竭力鼓吹
• drum into    強調...
• drum kit    一套鼓
• drum major    樂隊的指揮人, 鼓樂隊隊長
• drum majorette    軍樂隊女指揮
• drum out    轟走
• drum roll    擊鼓, 擊鼓聲
• drum up    召集

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 북, 북소리, 고막
v. intr. - 북을 울리다, 발을 구르다, 관심을 갖게 하다
v. tr. - 드럼으로 연주하다, 불러모으다, 억지로 시키다

idioms:

• drum into    되풀이 하여 주입시키다
• drum out    북을 쳐서 부대에서 추방하다, 몰아내다
• drum up    (손님 등을) 강제로 모으다, 풍악을 울리며 환기시키다

2.
n. - 길게 이어지는 언덕

3.
n. - (북소리 같은 소리를 내는) 민어과의 물고기

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 太鼓, ドラム, 太鼓の音, 太鼓のような音, 鼓膜, 太鼓状のもの, ドラム缶
v. - 太鼓を打つ, 太鼓で奏する, ドンドンたたく, たたき込む, 鳴らす

idioms:

• drum into    吹き込む, 叩き込む
• drum kit    (楽器)ドラムセット
• drum major    軍楽隊長, 楽隊長
• drum majorette    バトンガール
• drum out    太鼓を鳴らして軍から追放する, 追放する
• drum roll    ドラムのローリング演奏
• drum up    呼び集める, 獲得する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) طبل, طلبه, برميل, أسطوانه في غساله توضع فيها الملابس للغسل (فعل) يطلق صوتا إيقاعيا بالنقر على الطبل‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮תוף, תיפוף, בית-בושת, מועדון לילה, בית (מדוברת)‬
v. intr. - ‮הקיש, תופף, עשה קול חלול ע"י הנעת כנפיו (עוף)‬
v. tr. - ‮הקיש, תופף‬
n. - ‮סוג של גבעה‬
n. - ‮מין דג‬

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