Dubliners
Dubliners (1914), a collection of fifteen short stories by James Joyce dealing with the moribund lives of a cast of mostly lower-middle-class characters through pointedly undramatic events chosen to illustrate the crippling effects of family, religion, and nationality. Joyce conceived the idea of a thematically integrated volume, and he continued writing stories in the same ‘vivisective’ spirit after leaving Ireland in October 1904. In December 1905 he sent twelve stories to the English publisher Grant Richards, but in 1906 Richards repudiated his contract. The collection was rejected by English and Irish publishers, but in 1913 Richards approached Joyce again, and Dubliners finally appeared in 1914. In letters to Richards during 1906, Joyce described the governing idea of the collection: ‘My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis.’






