| Duke Nukem 3D |
|
| Developer(s) |
3D Realms |
| Publisher(s) |
Apogee Software, Virgin Interactive (Playstation) |
| Designer(s) |
George Broussard & Todd Replogle |
| Engine |
Build |
| Platform(s) |
PC (MS-DOS), Mac, Sega Saturn, PlayStation, game.com, Sega Mega Drive (Brazil only), Xbox 360 (XBLA), iPhone OS and source ports to many other platforms |
| Release date(s) |
PC:
January 29, 1996
Mac:
May 25, 1997
Sega Saturn:
1997
PlayStation:
December 3, 1997
Mega Drive/Genesis:
1998
Xbox 360 (XBLA):
September 24, 2008
iPhone OS:
August 3, 2009 |
| Genre(s) |
First-person shooter |
| Mode(s) |
Single player, Multiplayer |
| Rating(s) |
ESRB: M
OFLC: MA15+
BBFC: 18
Apple: 12+ |
| Media |
CD-ROM, cartridge, download |
| System requirements |
Microsoft Windows
- Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP/Vista
|
|
Duke Nukem 3D is a first-person shooter computer game developed by 3D Realms and published by Apogee Software. It was released on January 29, 1996 for the PC. It is a sequel to the platform games Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II published by Apogee. An expansion pack, Plutonium Pak, was released in November 1996.
Duke Nukem 3D features the adventures of the titular macho Duke Nukem (voiced by Jon St. John), who fights back an alien invasion on Earth.
Reception of Duke Nukem 3D has been largely positive. Reviewers praised the interactivity of the environment and the humor within the game. However, the game's erotic elements and portrayal of women have incited controversy.
Gameplay
As a first-person shooter, the gameplay of Duke Nukem 3D involves moving through levels presented from the protagonist's point of view, shooting enemies on the way.
The environment of Duke Nukem 3D is highly destructible; most props can be destroyed by the player. [1][2]
Level design
Levels were also designed in a fairly non-linear manner such that players can advantageously use air ducts, back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden secrets, which also makes the levels well suited to deathmatch. These locations are also filled with objects with which the player can interact, that either benefit the player in some form (light switches make it easier to see, while water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points) or simply provide a touch of diversion (tipping strippers provokes a humorous quote from Duke and sometimes a provocative reveal from the dancer).
Weapons and equipment
The game includes a range of lethal weapons, some of which, even today, are still unique to the Duke Nukem series. They range from Duke's "Mighty Foot", a basic melee attack, to a pistol, a Chain gun (similar in design to the Nordenfelt gun), pipe bombs, freeze- and shrink-rays, laser trip mines and even a very powerful rapid fire rocket launcher called the "Devastator".
Aside from weapons, Nukem's inventory also includes a series of items that can be picked up during play. A portable medkit allows players to heal themselves whenever they choose to. Steroids speed up player movement making transit through hostile territory easier, as well as instantly reversing the effects of the shrinker. Nightvision goggles allow players to see enemies in the dark. The "HoloDuke" device projects a hologram of Duke that can be used to distract enemies. Protective boots allow the player to cross dangerously hot or toxic terrain. Where progress requires more aquatic legwork, scuba gear (an aqua-lung) allows the player to take longer trips away from air. Perhaps most impressively, Duke's trademark jetpack allows the player to range fully in 3D, often to reach hidden weapons caches or extra health.
Monsters
The game features a wide range of monsters, some of which are aliens, other mutated humans (the LAPD (Los Angeles Police Dept.) has been turned into "Pig-cops", a play on the derogatory term "pig" for police officers, with LARD emblazoned on their uniforms). As is usual for a first-person shooter, Nukem encounters a large number of lesser foes, and a small number of boss enemies (usually at the end of chapters). Like Duke, these enemies have access to a wide range of weapons and equipment (some weaker enemies have jet packs).
Multiplayer
Duke Nukem 3D features multiplayer. In 1996 at the time of its release, Internet-based gaming was just beginning. Duke Nukem 3D did not support the TCP/IP client/server model, instead basing its network play on the IPX LAN, modem or serial cable. Duke Nukem 3D players often either battled modem-to-modem, using the $20.00 IPX network utility Kali or the Total Entertainment Network (TEN) online pay service. Kali allowed users to connect to a chat room to host and join games. The Total Entertainment Network featured hundreds of Duke 3D players online at any given time and players had to pay a monthly fee for it (originally $5.00, gradually increased to $20.00). In 1996 TEN hosted a first of its kind, nationally participated in "online tournament" rewarding the champions with cash and prizes sparking an immediate surge in online gaming. Some of the first prizes were $500 cash and a lifetime membership to the service. The only Duke tournament was won by one of the first cyber athletes, Christopher S Carpentier, aka "Creamator", who battled over 14 thousand entries to claim the title of "One True Duke!" Most of these newly declared cyber athletes later went on to the PGL "Professional Gamers League" after TEN converted its business model to Pogo.
Duke's levels were often used as the battlegrounds for these encounters and users were even able to create their own levels (or maps) via the in-game build engine. The game also features co-operative play (co-op) which allows players to complete the story based single player mode together. In the Atomic version, a new game play mode was introduced: Duke Tag, a "capture the flag" style mode.
Duke Nukem multiplayer continues to exist through services such as YANG and Dukester X, thanks to fan made ports such as eDuke32 and xDuke.
Synopsis
Setting
Duke Nukem 3D is set on Earth "sometime in the early 21st century".[3] The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take the player outdoors and indoors through rendered street scenes, military bases, deserts, flooded cities, space stations, moon bases and Japanese villas.
The game contains several humorous references to pop culture, like some of Duke's lines that are drawn from movies like Evil Dead, Jaws, Dirty Harry, Pulp Fiction and Aliens[4], and the mutated women begging "Kill me". The player will encounter corpses of famous characters such as Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones, the player of the game Doom, and a smashed T-800. On the second episode, the player can see The Monolith (from 2001 Space Odyssey) on the Moon.
The game cover itself is a parody of Army of Darkness, while Duke poses as Ash Williams[5]
Story
The back story involves Duke traveling back from his mission in Duke Nukem II only to have his shuttle shot down by aliens. Finding Los Angeles overrun, he sets out to once again defeat any alien menace.
There is little story in the game except for few cutscenes after the completion of an episode. During the game, Duke discovers that the aliens are capturing women. After he kills the first boss, Alien Battle Lord, he journeys to space, where he reaches the alien mothership and kills an Alien Overlord. He finally saves the day after he goes back to Earth and kills the leader of alien menace: Cycloid Emperor. The story continues in the Atomic Edition, in the fourth episode, The Birth. It is revealed that the aliens were capturing women to produce them a Queen, which could quickly give birth to alien drones. Duke is set out to find her lair and kill the Queen, thus thwarting the alien plot.
Expansions and versions
PC versions and add-ons
Various spin-offs and modifications to the original Duke Nukem 3D were produced in the following years of the game's initial launch.
Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition: The Atomic Edition of Duke Nukem 3D was released in November 1996, and contained the original 3 episode game as well as a new eleven-level fourth episode. The Plutonium PAK was also released as an upgrade package to convert the original release of Duke Nukem 3D (v1.3d) to the new Atomic Edition (v1.4, later patched to v1.5). It introduces new enemies, a new final boss (The Queen), weapons, and changes to the script to make it easier to mod. Finally, the player can set up a multiplayer session against CPU bots.
EDuke: Following the release of the Doom source code in 1997, gamers wanted a similar source code release from 3D Realms. The last major game to make use of the Duke Nukem 3D source code was Team TNT's WWII GI in 1999. Its programmer, Matthew Saettler, obtained permission from 3D Realms to expand the gameplay enhancements done on WWII GI to Duke Nukem 3D. EDuke was released as a patch for Atomic Edition users on July 28, 2000, and included a demo mod made by several beta testers. [2]
Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach: This is an authorized add-on developed by Sunstorm Interactive. Duke is relaxing on a tropical island when he discovers that the aliens are having their own "vacation". This unofficial add-on includes a sunny Caribbean atmosphere and theme such as beaches, vacation hotels. Charlie Wiederhold created several levels for this add-on. Wiederhold was later hired by 3D Realms to work on the sequel Duke Nukem Forever.
Duke it out in D.C.: In this storyline, President Bill Clinton is captured by alien forces, and Duke must save him. This expansion pack featured levels that were based on real-world locations, such as the White House, the FBI headquarters, the Smithsonian museum, and the Washington Monument and other places in Washington, D.C. This game was also developed by Sunstorm. The add-on was unofficial but was included in an official compilation called Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collection through business deals with 3D Realms.
Duke: Nuclear Winter (also called Duke Nukem: Nuclear Winter): This add-on was developed by Simply Silly Software and WizardWorks. In the storyline, Santa Claus is being mind-controlled by aliens into causing trouble on Earth. Several of the levels take place near the North Pole.
Duke Xtreme: An add-on developed by Sunstorm and contained 50 levels and various utilities.
Duke!Zone: A product called Duke!ZONE was once sold by WizardWorks, which included over 500 fan-made levels.
Duke!Zone II: WizardWorks later created an add-on called Duke!ZONE II, which contained three episodes of its own design.
Duke Assault: A further authorized add-on containing over 1500 levels for Duke Nukem 3D. Sold by WizardWorks and also created by fans of Duke Nukem 3D.[6]
Console versions and add-ons
Duke Nukem 3D was ported to many of the consoles of that time. All the ports featured some sort of new content.
Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown (although titled simply as Duke Nukem in Europe), the PlayStation version, features all three original episodes, plus a new one, Plug 'n' Pray, which includes six extra levels and a secret level, the latter which was also included in the PC version. The new episode featured several new enemies (including three new types of Pig Cops) and a new final boss, robot CyberKeef. The version also features remixed audio music, some rearranged from the PC version and some original, in streaming XA-Audio made by Mark Knight.[7]
Duke Nukem 3D (Sega Saturn) - the Sega Saturn version was ported by Lobotomy Software and published by Sega. It retains the original name and uses Lobotomy's SlaveDriver engine. This version uses the Sega NetLink for online gaming, and has built-in support for the Saturn's analog pad. It also includes a hidden multiplayer mini-game called Death Tank Zwei. The Saturn version also has an exclusive bonus level called Urea 51, accessed through the main level Fahrenheit.
Duke Nukem 64 is a port for Nintendo 64 which features a split screen 4-player mode. In-game music was removed from this version and many items have been renamed to avoid drug and sex references. Also, several of the levels were altered to include areas from the Plutonium Pak on the standard levels (such as a Duke Burger outlet being in the second level where there was not one in the original PC version) and the game levels were played sequentially instead of as separate "episodes". Other changes included a fully 3D model for the final boss and brand new in-game weaponry. The Alien Beast monster seen in the Plutonium Pak also pops up a few times in the standard levels where it wasn't in the original PC versions at all.
A screen of the Mega Drive port
Duke Nukem 3D (Mega Drive) was released in 1998. The Sega Mega Drive version was released by Tec Toy. The visuals were drastically simplified, being closer to early shooters like Wolfenstein 3D; also, it consists solely of Lunar Apocalypse, the second from the original game's three "episodes", which was heavely modified to suit the engine. This version was released in Brazil only, so it is widely unknown.[8] A version of Duke Nukem 3D was also released for the Game.com, Tiger's short lived handheld system.
Duke Nukem 3D (Xbox Live). The game was released on September 24, 2008 for Xbox Live. This version features the ability to "rewind" the game to any prior point upon dying, save clips of gameplay, and online co-operative play, as well as the standard "Dukematch" online mode. Notably, the music received a slight quality upgrade with modern MIDI tools. It is available for 800 Microsoft points.[9]
Duke Nukem 3D (iPhone/iPod Touch). Most recently, Duke Nukem 3D was released for the iPhone/iPod Touch. The game includes the primary 3 episodes and all of the main sound fx, but, does not include background music in-game. There is no multiplayer option and the framerate tends to fall dramatically when multiple enemies are on-screen. Other graphic detriments are lack of mirror reflection effects and the inability to peer through windows to expansive outdoor areas.
Compilations
Duke Nukem 3D has been included in several compilations. A bundle called East Meets West included the full versions of Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition and Shadow Warrior.[10] A bundle called Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collection featured Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition, Duke Xtreme, Duke!ZONE II, Duke Nukem I (Duke Nukum), Duke Nukem II, and various other utilities. Both of these compilations are no longer sold. Earlier packages of Duke Nukem 3D also included the complete versions of Duke Nukem I and II as a bonus.
In 1998, 3D Realms filed a lawsuit against Micro Star over its add-on pack Nuke It and won.[11]
Development
An early version of the Octabrain, as shown in LameDuke
LameDuke is an early beta version of Duke Nukem 3D, which was released by 3D Realms as a "bonus" one year after the release of the official version. It has been released as is, with no support, and is currently available to download from the 3DRealms FTP [3].
LameDuke features four episodes: Mrr Caliber, Mission Cockroach, Suck Hole and Hard Landing. Some weapons were removed and/or altered from the original versions.
Source code
The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as free and open source software under the GPL on April 1, 2003. The game content remains under a proprietary license. The game was quickly ported by enthusiasts to modern operating systems. As of 2007[update], these projects gave the game a second life in multiplayer games through the Internet and a growing community is still actively playing.
The first Duke Nukem 3D port was from icculus.org. It is a cross-platform project that allows the game to be played on BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, and Windows rather than DOS. The icculus.org codebase would later be used as the base for several other ports, including Duke3d_w32 and the official Mac OS X port of the game.
Another popular early project was Jonathon Fowler's JFDuke3D, which in December 2003 received backing from the original author of Build, programmer Ken Silverman. Fowler, in cooperation with Silverman, released a new version of JFDuke3D using Polymost, an OpenGL-enhanced renderer for Build which allows hardware acceleration and 3D model support along with 32-bit color high resolution textures. Another project based on JFDuke3D called xDuke (unrelated to the xDuke project based on Duke3d_w32) runs on the Xbox. Silverman had since helped Fowler with a large portion of other engine work, including updating the network code and helping to maintain various other aspects of the engine, but with no updates in nearly four years it is suspected the project may never see another release.
EDuke was a semi-official branch of Duke Nukem 3D that was released to the Internet as Duke Nukem 3D v2.0 by 3D Realms in 2000 [4]; it focused primarily on enhancing the CON scripting language in ways which allowed those modifying the game to do much more with the system than originally possible. Though a further version was planned, it never made it out of beta and was eventually canceled due to programmer time constraints. About a month after the release of the Duke Nukem 3D source code, Blood project manager Matt Saettler released the source code for both EDuke v2.0 and EDuke v2.1, the test version of what would have eventually become the next EDuke release, under the GPL.
While a few short-lived DOS based EDuke projects emerged, it was not until the release of EDuke32, an extended version of Duke3D incorporating variants of both Fowler's Windows JFDuke3D code and Saettler's EDuke code, by one of 3D Realms' forum moderators in late 2004 that EDuke's scripting extensions received community focus. Among the various enhancements, support for advanced shader model 3.0 based graphics was added to EDuke32 during late 2008-early 2009. In June 2008, EDuke32 became the only Duke Nukem 3D port to compile and run natively on 64-bit Linux systems without the use of a 32-bit compatibility environment thanks to significant porting contributions from the DOSBox team.
As of September 2009, the following Duke Nukem 3D source code porting projects are frequently used to play the game, ordered by most recent release:
- EDuke32 – port to Windows/Linux/x86-64/Mac OS X (Sept 2009)
- Duke3d_w32 – port to Windows (July 2006)
- xDuke – port to Windows (April 2006)
- JFDuke3D – port to Windows/Linux/many others (October 2005)
Enhancement by fans
Projects such as the Duke Nukem 3D High Resolution Pack[12] were started in order to take advantage of the various engine improvements and attempt to update Duke's graphical resources almost to the level of modern games. Plans are still in the works to include additional engine features as time goes on.
Upon the game's release in 1996, Lee Jackson's theme song Grabbag quickly became an instantly recognizable classic. The track has elicited many spin-offs and remixes over the years by both fans and professional musicians alike, including an officially sanctioned studio version by the popular thrash metal outfit Megadeth. Perhaps the most notable version of the song was recorded by Chris Kline in August of 2005; his rendition caught the attention of millions, including 3D Realms founder George Broussard. [13] 3D Realms enjoyed this version so much that they featured it on the front page of their website and contracted with Chris to use it to promote their Xbox Live release of Duke Nukem 3D. [14]
Parodies on the Build engine
Some parodies of Duke Nukem 3D were also based on the Build engine. For instance, Redneck Rampage employed the same engine and had a similar concept in the storyline except aliens invade a redneck setting instead of an inner-city LA setting. Duke Nukem makes an appearance in the Build engine title Blood, as a hanging corpse in the Carnival of Souls level. Caleb, the main character, then parodies some of Duke's lines.
Reception
The reviewers paid a lot of attention to the sexual content within the game. Their reception of this element varied: Tim Soete of GameSpot felt that it was "morally questionable"[2], while the Game Revolution reviewer noted that it was "done in a tongue-in-cheek manner and [he is] not personally offended".[15] IGN editor Cam Shea ranked it ninth on his top 10 list of Xbox Live Arcade games. He stated that it was as fun as it was in its initial release, and praised the ability to rewind to any point before the player died.[16]
Controversy
The game has been heavily attacked by some critics, who allege that it promotes pornography and murder. Media Watch made the following comments about the game:
"Duke Nukem 3D moves the 'shooter' through pornography stores, where Duke can use XXX sex posters for target practice. Duke throws cash at a prostituted woman telling her to 'Shake it, Baby' his gun ever ready. In the game bonus points are awarded for the murder of these mostly prostituted and partially nude women. Duke blows up stained glass windows in an empty church or goes to strip clubs where Japanese women lower their kimonos exposing their breasts. Duke is encouraged to kill defenseless, often bound women.
— Media Watch, Teaching Boys To Kill
However, the game does not actually include a scoring or rewards system of any kind, either for players that kill these women or otherwise. Instead, the game punishes such players by spawning even more enemies to kill them. No weapons, items or power-ups are ever given to players in return for violence against women of any kind, and any "encouragement" to kill such women, perhaps of the sort in which the women utter "kill me", is an obvious reference to the classic science fiction thriller Alien (film).
As a response to the criticism encountered, censored versions of the game were released in certain countries to avoid having it banned altogether. A similar censored version was carried at Wal-Mart retail stores in the US.
In Australia, the game was originally refused classification on release. 3D Realms repackaged the game with the parental lock feature permanently enabled, although a patch available on the 3D Realms website allows the user to disable the lock and revert the game back to its original uncensored version. The OFLC then attempted to have the game pulled from the shelves, but it was discovered that the distributor had notified them of this fact and the rating could not be surrendered. Six months later, the game was reclassified and released uncensored with an MA15+ rating.
In Germany, the BPjM placed the game on the List of Media Harmful to Young People.
In 1999, Duke Nukem 3D was banned in Brazil, along with Quake, Doom and several other violent first-person shooters after a violent rampage in and around a movie theater was allegedly inspired by the first level in the game.
References
