dust
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n.
- Fine, dry particles of matter.
- A cloud of fine, dry particles.
- Particles of matter regarded as the result of disintegration: fabric that had fallen to dust over the centuries.
- Earth, especially when regarded as the substance of the grave: "ashes to ashes, dust to dust" (Book of Common Prayer).
- The surface of the ground.
- A debased or despised condition.
- Something of no worth.
- Chiefly British. Rubbish readied for disposal.
- Confusion; agitation; commotion: won't go back in until the dust settles.
v., dust·ed, dust·ing, dusts. v.tr.
- To remove dust from by wiping, brushing, or beating: dust the furniture.
- To sprinkle with a powdery substance: dusted the cookies with sugar; dust crops with fertilizer.
- To apply or strew in fine particles: dusted talcum powder on my feet.
- Baseball. To deliver a pitch so close to (the batter) as to make the batter back away.
- To clean by removing dust.
- To cover itself with such particulate matter. Used of a bird.
dust off
- To restore to use: dusted off last year's winter coat.
in the dust
- Far behind, as in a race or competition: a marketing strategy that left our competitors in the dust.
- To go about a task with great energy and speed.
[Middle English, from Old English dūst.]
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dust
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Microscopic grains of matter found in space, the composition, size, and other properties of which vary from one location to another. Dust grains in dense interstellar clouds, for example, are larger than those in the general interstellar medium, while even larger particles are found in circumstellar disks. Most of the dust in space comes from red giants and red supergiants whose extended atmospheres are rich in silicon, oxygen, and carbon—elements that were manufactured in the stellar core but have been dredged to the surface by convection currents. Depending on its life history, a red giant may have surface layers that are rich in either carbon or oxygen. A carbon star gives rise to a dense pall of carbon particles in the form of graphite flakes or amorphous lumps, each about 0.01 micron across. In the case of an oxygen-rich star, the oxygen atoms react with silicon and any metal atoms in the star's atmosphere to form silicate grains roughly 1 micron across. As the grains are blown away from the star by radiation pressure or by mechanical means and their temperature falls, they begin acquiring additional atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur that have also escaped from the parent star. These accreted materials build up into icy mantles of water-ice and solid ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. Other substances may then be added to the mantle ices, including small molecules such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Bombardment by ultraviolet radiation from local hot stars or more remote stars triggers reactions between the different chemical species on a grain's surface and leads to the formation of simple organic substances. Dust grains that drift into the general interstellar medium find their way into clouds where the density is sufficiently high for more complex organic synthesis to take place. How far up the scale of prebiotic synthesis such interstellar cookery can lead has yet to be determined, but it certainly extends as far as simple amino acids and sugars.
Dust grains are the repository of most of the interstellar medium's elements heavier than helium. Typical interstellar dust grains are about 0.5 micron in diameter, but can grow to several microns or more in the deep, dark cores of collapsing dust clouds. Eventually these dust grains stick together to form larger bodies all the way up to asteroids and planets.
Interstellar dust particles strongly absorb, scatter, and polarize visible light at wavelengths comparable to their size, reemitting the light in the far-infrared region of the spectrum. The amount of visual interstellar extinction is wavelength-dependent and leads to both a dimming and a reddening of starlight, as blue wavelengths tend to be scattered the most. Views along the plane of the Milky Way are severely limited by the dust which congregates there. Elliptical galaxies have less dust than our galaxy (but are not dust-free), while some galaxies are experiencing such tremendous episodes of star formation that the dust in them converts nearly all the visible light into infrared, resulting in an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy.
dust Huge clouds of dust and gas extend along, as well as far above, the disk of NGC 4013—a galaxy seen perfectly edge-on and lying some 55 million light-years away in the direction of Ursa Major. The dark dusty band, about 500 light-years thick, absorbs the light of background stars and gives the illusion of cutting the galaxy in two. NASA/STScl/AURA
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Roget's Thesaurus:
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dust
also dust off
verb
- To scatter or release in drops or small particles: besprinkle, powder, sprinkle. See strike/miss.
In addition to the idiom beginning with dust, also see bite the dust; dry as dust; in the dust; make the dust fly; shake the dust from one's feet; throw dust in someone's eyes; watch my dust; when the dust has settled.
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atmospheric dust
Atmospheric dust derives mostly from deserts; the Sahara, for example, produces 4-7 million tonnes of dust each year, mostly in the form of silicates. Dust aerosols influence the nutrient dynamic and biochemical cycling of oceanic and terrestrial ecosystems, and profoundly affect climate; See aerosol, condensation nuclei.
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dust, atmospheric, minute particles slowly settling or suspended by slight currents and existing in varying amounts in all air. There is least dust at high levels over the ocean and most at low levels over cities; dust from smoke is a serious urban problem (see air pollution). Sources of atmospheric dust are winds blowing over dry earth (plowed fields, deserts, and roads), the various products of combustion, volcanic eruptions, salt spray from the oceans, pollen and other material from plants, and meteoric particles. The detonation of nuclear devices in the atmosphere creates radioactive dust (fallout), a serious hazard to all forms of life.
Dust sometimes settles quickly on surfaces, but vast quantities are carried to the upper layers of the air and suspended there for long periods of time. The effects of a volcanic eruption such as that of Krakatoa in Indonesia have been observed three years after its occurrence. Large seasonal dust storms occur in the Sahara and neighboring W Africa and in the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts and neighboring NE Asia; Beijing is annually affected by such storms. Dust from large storms in Africa often travels as far as the S United States and the Caribbean, where it can affect air quality, and dust from the Gobi Desert in Asia has been carried as far east as Minnesota. Such dust storms, which are aggravated by desertification, can have negative health and economic effects; in addition to potentially harmful mineral particles, the dust may include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and various pollutants.
Hygroscopic dust particles (those to which water adheres) are the nuclei of condensation in free air; the nucleus of each droplet in a fog or cloud and of each raindrop and snowflake is one of these invisible particles of inorganic or organic dust. John Aitken, a Scottish physicist who in 1880 invented a device for counting particles in air, first correlated dust particles and condensation. Dust is also chiefly responsible, through its scattering effect upon light (diffusion), for one type of haze and for sunrise and sunset colors.
See also Dust Bowl.
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dust
IN BRIEF: n. - Fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; Free microscopic particles of solid material.
Write injuries in dust, benefits in marble.
— Benjamin Franklin
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
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Finely divided solid matter with particle sizes small enough to be carried aloft by air movement.
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verb trans.
verb trans., orig US
1: To hit, thrash. (1612 —) .
Time [Miners] dusted one of [the district leader's] lieutenants with an old shoe for trying to talk them back to work (1950).
2: to dust (someone) off To defeat or kill (someone). (1938 —) .
Times They have always been dusted off in the inter-zone matches (1960). Cf. dust-upnoun .
[In sense 1, perh. from the notion of striking in order to raise or remove dust; but cf. also Middle English dustverb to throw or hit violently, of uncertain origin.]
verb trans., orig US
1: To hit, thrash. (1612 —) .
Time [Miners] dusted one of [the district leader's] lieutenants with an old shoe for trying to talk them back to work (1950).
2: to dust (someone) off To defeat or kill (someone). (1938 —) .
Times They have always been dusted off in the inter-zone matches (1960). Cf. dust-up
[In sense 1, perh. from the notion of striking in order to raise or remove dust; but cf. also Middle English dust
| durry, dunt, dunny | |
| dust-up, dustbin, duster |
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- To sprinkle a fine powder on the outside of another powder, food, or solid.
- The particulate matter that is the byproduct of powdered flavor production and can be irritating to the lungs or in some cases potentially explosive. Dust or bag collectors or equivalent devices accomplish removal of dust. Also, masks should always be worn while working with dusting products for obvious reasons. See Anticaking Agent.
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Heavy dust such as in dust storms or volcanic fallout may contaminate animal feed sufficiently to cause sand colic in horses. Ruminants seem not to be much affected.
- d. balls — equine intestinal foreign bodies composed of plant fibers with a superficial coating of dense minerals. Because of their light weight they are often evacuated with the feces.
- d. inhalation — important risk factor in etiology of coccidioidomycosis (corral dust), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses (feed dust in stables).
- d. mite — see housedust mite.
- d. rhinotracheitis — dusty feed fed in a confined space such as a stable can cause chronic coughing due to rhinotracheitis in cattle.
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'dusted'
- Paraphernalia and Behavior - dusted: (adj) under the influence of PCP, or angel dust
See crossword solutions for the clue
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For other uses, see Dust (disambiguation).
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (April 2012) Don't speak German? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the German article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating.
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Dust consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil dust lifted by wind (an Aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust in homes, offices, and other human environments contains small amounts of plant pollen, human and animal hairs, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, human skin cells, burnt meteorite particles and many other materials which may be found in the local environment.[1]
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Domestic dust and humans
Dust may worsen hay fever. Circulating outdoor air through a house by keeping doors and windows open, or at least slightly ajar, may reduce the risk of hay fever-causing dust. In colder climates, occupants seal even the smallest air gaps, and eliminate outside fresh air circulating inside the house. So it is essential to manage dust and airflow.
House dust mites are ubiquitous everywhere humans live indoors. Positive tests for dust mite allergies are extremely common among people with asthma. Dust mites are microscopic arachnids whose primary food is dead human skin cells. They do not actually live on people, though. It is probably not possible to entirely eradicate them. They and their feces and other allergens they produce are major constituents of house dust, but because they are so heavy they are not long suspended in the air. They generally are on the floor and other surfaces, until disturbed (by walking, for example). Sources suggest it could take somewhere between 20 minutes and 2 hours for them to settle back down out of the air. Dust mites are a nesting species that prefer a dark, warm and humid climate, and they therefore flourish in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpets. Their feces include enzymes that are released upon contact with a moist surface, as happens when a person breathes it in, and these enzymes actually kill cells within the human body.[2] Sources suggest that house dust mites did not become a problem until humans began to use textiles, such as western style blankets and clothing.[3]
Alternatively, the hygiene hypothesis posits that the modern obsession with cleanliness is as much a problem as house dust mites. The hygiene hypothesis argues that our lack of prior pathogenic exposure may in fact encourage the development of ailments including hay fever and asthma.[4][5]
Atmospheric dust
Dust comes from arid and dry regions where high velocity winds are able to remove mostly silt-sized material, deflating susceptible surfaces. This includes areas where grazing, ploughing, vehicle use and other human activities have further destabilized the land, though not all source areas have been largely affected by anthropogenic impacts.[6] One-third of the global land area is covered by dust-producing surfaces, made up of hyper-arid regions like the Sahara that covers 0.9 billion hectares, and drylands, which occupy 5.2 billion hectares.[7]
Dust in the atmosphere is produced by saltation and sandblasting of sand-sized grains, and it is transported through the troposphere. This airborne dust is considered an aerosol and once in the atmosphere, it can produce strong local radiative forcing. Saharan dust in particular can be transported and deposited as far as the Caribbean and Amazonia, and may affect air temperatures, cause ocean cooling, and alter rainfall amounts.[6]
Coal dust is responsible for the lung disease known as pneumoconiosis, including black lung disease, that occurs among coal miners. The danger of coal dust resulted in environmental legislation regulating work place air quality in some jurisdictions. In addition, if enough coal dust is dispersed within the air in a given area, it can create an explosion hazard under certain circumstances.
Road dust
See also: road debris
Dust kicked up by vehicles traveling on roads[8] may make up 33% of air pollution[9] Road dust consists of deposition of vehicle exhausts and industrial exhausts, tire and brake wear, dust from paved roads or potholes, and dust from construction sites.[10] Road dust represents a significant source contributing to the generation and release of particulate matter into the atmosphere.[11] Control of road dust is a significant challenge in urban areas, and also in other spheres with high levels of vehicular traffic upon unsealed roads such as mines and garbage dumps. Road dust may be suppressed by mechanical methods like sweeping vehicles,[12] with vegetable oils,[13] or with water sprayers.
Dust control
Control of atmospheric dust
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates facilities that generate dust minimize or mitigate the production of dust in their operation. The most frequent dust control violations occur at new residential housing developments in urban areas. United States Federal law requires that construction sites obtain permits to conduct earth moving, and include plans to control dust emissions. Control measures include such simple practices as spraying construction and demolition sites with water, and preventing the tracking of dust onto adjacent roads. US federal laws require dust control on sources such as vacant lots, unpaved parking lots, and unpaved roads. Dust in such places may be suppressed by mechanical methods,[citation needed] including paving or laying down gravel, or stabilizing the surface with water, vegetable oils[13] or other dust suppressants, or by using water misters to suppress dust that is already airborne.[citation needed]
Control of domestic dust
Dust control is the suppression of solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Dust in the airstream poses a serious health threat to children,[14] older people, and those with respiratory illnesses. House dust can become airborne easily. Care should be exercised when removing dust to avoid causing the dust to become airborne. Some dust removing devices trap some dust. One way to repel dust is with an electrical charge.[citation needed] Certified HEPA (tested to MIL STD 282) can effectively trap 99.97% of dust at 0.3 micrometres. Not all HEPA (type/media) filters can effectively stop dust, while vacuums with HEPA (type/media) filters, water, or cyclones may filter more effectively than without, they may still exhaust millions of particles per cubic foot of air circulated. Laser Particle Counters are an effective way to measure filter effectiveness, medical grade can test for particles as small as 0.3 micrometres. In order to test for dust in the air, there are several options available. Preweighted filter and matched weight filters made from polyvinyl chloride or mixed cellulose ester are suitable for respirable dust (less than 10 micrometres in diameter).[15]
Control of dust resistance on surfaces
A dust resistant surface is a state of prevention against dust contamination or damage, by a design or treatment of materials and items in manufacturing or through a repair process. A reduced tacticity of a synthetic layer or covering can protect surfaces and release small molecules that could have remained attached. A panel, container or enclosure with seams may feature types of strengthened rigidity or sealant to vulnerable edges and joins.
Dust in other contexts
- Dust Accelerates Snowmelt in the San Juan Mountains
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2005 (Less dust)
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2006 (More dust)
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2008 (Less dust)
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2009 (More dust)
Dust in outer space
Cosmic dust is widely present in space, where gas and dust clouds are primary precursors for planetary systems. The zodiacal light, as seen in a dark night sky, is produced by sunlight reflected from particles of dust in orbit around the Sun. The tails of comets are produced by emissions of dust and ionized gas from the body of the comet. Dust also covers solid planetary bodies, and vast dust storms occur on Mars that cover almost the entire planet. Interstellar dust is found between the stars, and high concentrations produce diffuse nebulae and reflection nebulae.
Dust is widely present in the galaxy. Ambient radiation heats dust and re-emits radiation into the microwave band, which may distort the cosmic microwave background power spectrum. Dust in this regime has a complicated emission spectrum, and includes both thermal dust emission and spinning dust emission.[16]
Dust samples returned from outer space may provide information about conditions in the early solar system. Several spacecraft have sought to gather samples of dust and other materials. Among these craft was Stardust, which flew past Comet Wild 2 in 2004, and returned a capsule of the comet's remains to Earth in January 2006. In 2010 the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft returned samples of dust from the surface of an asteroid.
Examples of atmospheric dust
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Dry, windy weather sends clouds of dust across south-eastern Australia.
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A thick dust plume over Kuwait and the north-western tip of the Persian Gulf.
See also
Notes
- ^ Kathleen Hess-Kosa, (2002), Indoor Air Quality: sampling methodologies, page 216. CRC Press.
- ^ Abadi, Sara (August 2009). "The Great American Hygiene Survey Results Revealed". AOL Health. http://www.aolhealth.com/healthy-living/good-hygiene. Retrieved August 2009.
- ^ Matthew J. Colloff, Dust Mites
- ^ http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=416594
- ^ http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/1031002421.html
- ^ a b Middleton, N. J., Goudie, A. S., 2001, Saharan dust: sources and trajectories: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, v. 26, p. 165-181. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-5661.00013/abstract)
- ^ Jickells, T. D., et al., 2005, Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate: Science, v. 308, p. 67-71. (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/308/5718/67.full)
- ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/11/991130062843.htm
- ^ http://www.hinduonnet.com/2007/10/27/stories/2007102759600100.htm
- ^ http://www.cleanair.hamilton.ca/events/street-sweeping-study.asp
- ^ http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/consultations/2006/Road_Dust_e.cfm
- ^ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=936477
- ^ a b http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9806/rm980604.htm
- ^ "Dust mites in the humid atmosphere of Bangalore trigger around 60% of asthma" [1]
- ^ Sampling Dust
- ^ D. P. Finkbeiner, M. Davis and D. J. Schlegel (1999). "Extrapolation of Galactic Dust Emission at 100 Microns to CMBR Frequencies Using FIRAS". Astrophys. J. 524: 867. arXiv:astro-ph/9905128. Bibcode 1999ApJ...524..867F. doi:10.1086/307852.
References
- Holmes, Hannah; (2001)The Secret Life of Dust. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-37743-0
- Steedman, Carolyn; (2002) Dust. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6015-1
External links
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Translations:
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Dust
Dansk (Danish)
n. - støv, jordiske rester, postyr, jord
v. tr. - støve af, overdrysse, pudre, strø, støve
v. intr. - tage støvbad
idioms:
- bite the dust bide i græsset
- cloud of dust støvsky
- covered with dust dækket af støv
- dust devil hvirvelstøvstorm
- dust down børste støvet af, give skideballe
- dust jacket smudsomslag
- dust off støve af, friske op
- dust someone's jacket give nogen på frakken
- dust storm støvstorm, sandstorm
- gather dust samle støv
- the dust clears støvet forsvinder
- the dust settles stormen lægger sig
Nederlands (Dutch)
stof, stofwolk, het menselijk lichaam, poen, drugs, afstoffen, bestrooien, bepoederen, onderstoffen
Français (French)
n. - poussière, particule de poussière, grain de poussière, cendres (d'un mort), coup de chiffon (pour enlever la poussière)
v. tr. - dépoussiérer, épousseter, saupoudrer de
v. intr. - épousseter, se couvrir de poussière (pour un oiseau)
idioms:
- bite the dust mordre la poussière
- cloud of dust nuage de poussière
- covered with dust poussiéreux, couvert de poussière
- dust devil tourbillon de poussière
- dust down épousseter, (fig) réactualiser, dépoussiérer
- dust jacket chemise, jaquette (d'un livre), couverture (en papier)
- dust off épousseter
- dust someone's jacket secouer la poussière de la veste de qn
- dust storm tempête de poussière
- gather dust ramasser la poussière
- the dust clears la poussière retombe
- the dust settles la poussière retombe
Deutsch (German)
n. - Staub
v. - Staub wischen, bestäuben
idioms:
- bite the dust (ugs.) ins Gras beißen
- cloud of dust Staubwolke
- covered with dust staubig, verstaubt
- dust devil Sandhose
- dust down abstauben, entstauben
- dust jacket Schutzumschlag
- dust off abstauben, entstauben
- dust someone's jacket jdm. die Jacke abstauben
- dust storm Staubsturm
- gather dust Staub ansetzen, verstauben
- the dust clears die Wogen glätten sich
- the dust settles die Wogen glätten sich
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - σκόνη, κονιορτός, τέφρα
v. - ξεσκονίζω, πασπαλίζω
idioms:
- bite the dust τρώω χώμα, πεθαίνω
- cloud of dust σύννεφο σκόνης
- covered with dust μέσα στη σκόνη
- dust devil ανεμοστρόβιλος
- dust down ξεσκονίζω, βουρτσίζω, επιπλήττω, κατσαδιάζω
- dust jacket κάλυμμα, ντύμα βιβλίου
- dust off ξεσκονίζω
- dust someone's jacket ξυλοφορτώνω κάποιον
- dust storm ανεμοθύελλα, αμμοθύελλα
- gather dust μαζεύω σκόνη, μένω αχρησιμοποίητος
- the dust clears (όταν) ησυχάσουν/ξεκαθαρίσουν τα πράγματα
- the dust settles (όταν) ησυχάσουν/ξεκαθαρίσουν τα πράγματα
Italiano (Italian)
spolverare, polvere
idioms:
- bite the dust mordere la polvere
- cloud of dust nuvola di polvere
- covered with dust coperto di polvere
- dust devil turbine di sabbia
- dust down spolverare
- dust jacket spolverino/a
- dust off spolverare
- dust storm tempesta di sabbia
- gather dust raccogliere polvere
- the dust settles/clears le acque si calmano
Português (Portuguese)
n. - pó (m), cinzas (f pl)
v. - empoeirar, espanar
idioms:
- bite the dust morrer, ser vencido, parar de funcionar
- cloud of dust nuvem (f) de poeira
- covered with dust coberto de poeira
- dust devil gênio (m) do sono
- dust down sacudir a poeira
- dust jacket capa (f) guarda-pó
- dust off espanar o pó
- dust someone's jacket dar uma surra em alguém
- dust storm tempestade (f) de poeira
- gather dust juntar poeira
- the dust settles/clears deixar a poeira assentar
Русский (Russian)
посыпать, вытирать пыль, пыль, порошок
idioms:
- bite the dust потерпеть поражение, умереть
- cloud of dust облако пыли
- covered with dust запыленный
- dust devil пыльный вихрь
- dust down вытереть пыль, отряхнуться
- dust jacket суперобложка
- dust off отряхнуть от пыли, избавиться
- dust someone's jacket подлизываться
- dust storm пыльная буря
- gather dust кануть в Лету, долго не тронуть
- the dust settles/clears жизнь возвращается в нормальное русло
Español (Spanish)
n. - polvo, motas de polvo, parte mortal del cuerpo humano, dinero, partícula, revuelta, tierra
v. tr. - quitar el polvo, limpiar el polvo, espolvorear, ensuciar
v. intr. - quitar el polvo, limpiar el polvo, ensuciarse
idioms:
- bite the dust morder el polvo, morir, caer en desuso
- cloud of dust nube de polvo, polvareda
- covered with dust polvoriento, cubierto de polvo
- dust devil tormenta de polvo
- dust down quitar el polvo
- dust jacket sobrecubierta de un libro
- dust off quitar el polvo, sacudir el polvo
- dust someone's jacket alcahuetear
- dust storm tormenta de polvo
- gather dust juntar polvo
- the dust clears se aclara la atmósfera
- the dust settles se aclara la atmósfera
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - damm, fint pulver, sopor, aska
v. - damma ner, strö, dammtorka
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
灰尘, 粉末, 尘埃, 拂去灰尘, 弄成粉末, 撒, 掸掉灰尘, 变得灰扑扑, 打扫, 喷撒农药
idioms:
- bite the dust 大败
- cloud of dust 一片尘雾
- covered with dust 落满灰尘
- dust devil 小旋风, 小尘暴, 尘卷风
- dust down 拍去...的灰尘
- dust jacket 包书纸, 书皮
- dust off 除去...的灰尘
- dust someone's jacket 殴打某人
- dust storm 尘暴
- gather dust 积满灰尘
- the dust clears 混乱结束
- the dust settles 混乱结束
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 灰塵, 粉末, 塵埃
v. tr. - 拂去灰塵, 弄成粉末, 撒
v. intr. - 撣掉灰塵, 變得灰撲撲, 打掃, 噴撒農藥
idioms:
- bite the dust 大敗
- cloud of dust 一片塵霧
- covered with dust 落滿灰塵
- dust devil 小旋風, 小塵暴, 塵卷風
- dust down 拍去...的灰塵
- dust jacket 包書紙, 書皮
- dust off 除去...的灰塵
- dust someone's jacket 毆打某人
- dust storm 塵暴
- gather dust 積滿灰塵
- the dust clears 混亂結束
- the dust settles 混亂結束
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 먼지, 분말, 유골, 낮은 신분
v. tr. - ~을 먼지를 털다, ~에 뿌리다, 오염시키다
v. intr. - 청소하다, 먼지투성이가 되다
idioms:
- dust down 예전의 정보가 현재 다시 쓰이다
- dust off 청소하다
- the dust clears 사용하다
- the dust settles 상황이 명확해지다
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ほこり, 砂ぼこり, 死体, 粉末, 花粉, 土, ごみ, 屈辱, 騒ぎ, 現金
v. - ほこりを払う, 振りかける
idioms:
- covered with dust 埃まみれになった
- dust devil 塵旋風
- dust down きびしくしかる
- dust jacket 本のカバー
- dust off …のちりを払う, 使い始める
- dust someone's jacket 人をぶん殴る
- dust storm 砂あらし
- the dust settles/clears 騒ぎを静める
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) غبار (فعل) ينفض الغبار
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - אבק, עפר, כסף, מבוכה, מהומה, אשפה, דבר לא-נחוץ, חומר כלשהו בצורת אבקה, ענן-אבק, מה שנשאר מגופת מת, הגוף הארצי של אדם, מצב לא-טוב
v. tr. - הסיר האבק, איבק, בזק
v. intr. - הסיר אבק, איבק את הגוף, איבק צמחים
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