dynamics

1. 1. (used with a sing. verb) The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of a body or system of bodies, especially of forces that do not originate within the system itself. Also called kinetics.
   2. (used with a pl. verb) The forces and motions that characterize a system: The dynamics of ocean waves are complex.
2. (used with a pl. verb) The social, intellectual, or moral forces that produce activity and change in a given sphere: The dynamics of international trade have influenced our business decisions on this matter.
3. (used with a pl. verb) Variation in force or intensity, especially in musical sound.
4. (used with a sing. verb) Psychodynamics.

That branch of mechanics which deals with the motion of a system of material particles under the influence of forces, especially those which originate outside of the system under consideration. From Newton's third law of motion, namely, to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, the internal forces cancel in pairs and do not contribute to the motion of the system as a whole, although they determine the relative motion, if any, of the several parts.

Particle dynamics refers to the motion of a single particle under the influence of external forces, particularly electromagnetic and gravitational forces. The dynamics of a rigid body is the study of the motion, under given forces, of a system of particles, the distances between which are postulated to be constant throughout the motion.

In classical dynamics the basic relation that enables the motion to be determined once the force is known is Newton's second law of motion, which states that the resultant force on a particle is equal to the product of the mass of the particle times its acceleration. For a many-particle system it becomes impracticable to write and solve this equation for each individual particle and, in general, the motion may be computed only on a statistical basis (that is, by the methods of statistical mechanics) unless, as for a few particles or a rigid body, the number of degrees of freedom is sufficiently small. See also Degree of freedom (mechanics); Kinematics; Kinetics (classical mechanics); Newton's laws of motion; Rigid-body dynamics; Statistical mechanics.

The aspect of musical expression resulting from variation in the volume of sound. Dynamic instructions appeared in lute music as early as the 16th century but were rare until the 17th, when markings piano and forte came into general currency, as did ‘loud’ and ‘soft’ in English consort music. ‘Hairpin’ marks opening at the right for crescendo (growing louder) and the left for diminuendo (growing softer) are found from the early 18th century; the effects were however known earlier and indicated by a succession of dynamic markings. In much Baroque music, as the structure of the instruments bears out, level planes of volume are often implied. Crescendo and diminuendo of a conspicuous character were known in Italian orchestral music during the first half of the 18th century but became a particular feature of the Mannheim composers of the mid-century, where they served a structural purpose in the music. The use of crescendo as a choral effect is much later, probably dating only from the mid-19th century. Standard dynamic marks used in music are pp (pianissimo, very quiet), p (piano, quiet), mp (mezzo piano, moderately quiet), mf (mezzo forte, moderately loud), f(forte, loud) and ff (fortissimo, very loud); late Romantic composers have used further aggregations of ps and fs for even more marked effect, notably Tchaikovsky, who probably holds a record with his pppppp at the end of the first movement of his Symphony no.6 (Pathétique).

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That part of the science of mechanics which treats the motion of bodies and the action of forces in producing or changing their motion.

A branch of rigid-body mechanics concerned with the study of the mathematical and physical properties of objects in accelerated motion, and the forces that produce or change the motion. Dynamics is subdivided in to kinematics and kinetics. Compare statics.

1. the scientific study of forces in action; a phase of mechanics.
2. the motivating or driving forces, physical or moral, in any field.

The degrees of loudness or softnessin a musical work, and the symbols that represent them.

Look up dynamic or dynamics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Dynamics (from Greek δυναμικός - dynamikos "powerful", from δύναμις - dynamis "power") may refer to:

In Physics

• Dynamics (physics), in physics, dynamics refers to time evolution of physical processes
• Analytical dynamics refers to the motion of bodies as induced by external forces
• Relativistic dynamics may refer to a combination of relativistic and quantum concepts
• Molecular dynamics, the study of motion on the molecular level
• Thermodynamics, a branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat and mechanical energy
• Fluid dynamics, the study of fluid flow; includes:
  • Aerodynamics, the study of gases in motion
  • Hydrodynamics, the study of liquids in motion
• In quantum physics, dynamics may refer to how forces are quantized, as in quantum electrodynamics or quantum chromodynamics

Other

• System dynamics, the study of the behaviour of complex systems
• A Dynamical system in mathematics or complexity
• Dynamics (music), In music, dynamics refers to the softness or loudness of a sound or note. The term is also applied to the written or printed musical notation used to indicate dynamics
• Group dynamics, the study of social group processes
• Psychodynamics, the study of the interrelationship of various parts of the mind, personality, or psyche as they relate to mental, emotional, or motivational forces especially at the subconscious level
• Neurodynamics, an area of research in the brain sciences which places a strong focus upon the spatio-temporal (dynamic) character of neural activity in describing brain function
• Power dynamics, the dynamics of power, used in sociology
• Dynamic programming in computer science and control theory
• Dynamic program analysis, in computer science is a set of methods for analyzing code that is performed with executing programs built from that software on a real or virtual processor
• Microsoft Dynamics is a line of business software owned and developed by Microsoft

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - dynamik, psykodynamik
n. pl. - drivkræfter, dynamik

Nederlands (Dutch)
dynamiek, dynamica

Français (French)
n. - (Mécan) dynamique, psychodynamique
n. pl. - dynamique (forces), dynamique (de la croissance, du changement), (Mus) dynamique

Deutsch (German)
n. - Dynamik, Kräftelehre
n. pl. - Dynamik

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - δυναμική

Italiano (Italian)
dinamica

Português (Portuguese)
n. - dinâmica (f) (Fís.)

Русский (Russian)
динамика

Español (Spanish)
n. - dinámica
n. pl. - dinámicas, patrón de crecimiento en un campo dado, variación del volumen del sonido musical

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - dynamik

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
动力学

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. pl. - 動力學
n. - 動力學

한국어 (Korean)
n. pl. - 역학
n. - 원동력

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 力学, 動力学, 動力, 原動力

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) فرع من فروع الفيزياء يبحث في أثر القوة في الأجسام المتحركه والساكنه, القوى المحركه طبيعيه كانت أو أخلاقيه أو فكريه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. pl. - ‮דינמיקה, ענף המכניקה העוסק בתנועת גופים בהשפעת כוחות, ענף של מדע כלשהו העוסק בכוחות או בשינויים, המניעים, מוסריים או פיסיים, המשפיעים על התנהגות ושינוי בכל תחום‬
n. - ‮דינמיקה, ענף המכניקה העוסק בתנועת גופים בהשפעת כוחות, ענף של מדע כלשהו העוסק בכוחות או בשינויים, המניעים, מוסריים או‬

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