E. Franklin Frazier

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Edward Franklin Frazier (1894-1962), one of America's leading sociologists, specialized in studies of black people in North and South America and in Africa.

On Sept. 24, 1894, E. Franklin Frazier was born in Baltimore, Md. He took his bachelor of arts degree cum laude at Howard University in 1916. From 1916 to 1918 Frazier taught in secondary schools in Alabama, Virginia, and Maryland. In 1919 he began graduate studies at Clark University, Worcester, Mass., receiving a master of arts degree in sociology in 1920. As a research fellow at the New York School of Social Work (1920-1921), Frazier studied longshoremen in New York City. In 1921-1922 he studied folk high schools in Denmark. From 1922 to 1924 Frazier was an instructor in sociology at Morehouse College, serving also as director of the Atlanta School of Social Work (1922-1927). He married Marie E. Brown in 1922.

Frazier's essay "The Pathology of Race Prejudice" in Forum (June 1927) drew an analogy between race prejudice and insanity. As a result, Frazier had to leave Atlanta to avoid a white lynch mob. From 1927 to 1929 he pursued advanced study at the University of Chicago, receiving his doctorate in sociology in 1931 for The Negro Family in Chicago (1932). From 1929 to 1934 he worked under Charles S. Johnson, an outstanding African American sociologist, at Fisk University. Frazier returned to Howard University in 1934 as head of the department of sociology. In 1959 he became professor emeritus in the department of sociology and the African studies program.

From 1944 to 1951 Frazier served as part-time instructor at New York School of Social Work, Columbia University, and from 1957 to 1962 lectured at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. Frazier also served as visiting professor at several other colleges and universities. In 1948 Frazier served as president of the American Sociological Society, and he was chief of the Division of the Applied Social Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, in 1951-1953. Frazier published 8 books, 18 chapters in books, and at least 89 articles. His most significant work was on the African American family. In The Negro Family in Chicago, The Free Negro Family (1932), and The Negro Family in the United States (1939) Frazier offered pioneering interpretations of the character, history, and influence of the black family. His concept of the black matriarchy, despite recent challenges and new approaches, dominates work on the black family.

Frazier also offered candid, often polemical, analyses of the role of the black middle class, as in Black Bourgeoisie (1957). The Negro in the United States (1949; rev. ed. 1957) and Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World (1957; rev. ed. 1965) contain Frazier's analysis of the black experience throughout the world.

Frazier's death on May 17, 1962, prevented completion of his study of the black church. Only an outline of his views, The Negro Church in America (1961), was published. G. Franklin Edwards, a colleague and friend, described Frazier as "a tough-minded intellectual" and "a fine exponent of the best tradition in American sociology and scholarship."

Further Reading

The best introduction to Frazier is his own works. G. Franklin Edwards edited and wrote an excellent introduction to Frazier's On Race Relations: Selected Writings (1968). St. Clair Drake's introduction to the 1967 reprint edition of Frazier's Negro Youth at the Crossways (1940) is also of great value. Howard W. Odum, American Sociology: The Story of Sociology in the United States through 1950 (1951), contains a sketch of Frazier's life and works up to that date. There is a brief sketch of Frazier in Wilhelmena S. Robinson, Historical Negro Biographies (1968).

Additional Sources

Platt, Anthony M., E. Franklin Frazier reconsidered, New Brunswick N.J.: Rutgers University Press, c1991.

sociologist; educator; writer

Personal Information

Born Edward Franklin Frazier, September 24, 1894, in Baltimore, MD; died of a heart attack, May 17, 1962; son of James Frazier, a bank messenger, and Mary Frazier; married Marie Brown.
Education: B.A., Howard University, cum laude, 1916; M.A., Clark University, 1920; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1931.

Career

Taught a summer semester at Fort Valley High and Industrial School, 1917; worked as a YMCA secretary at Fort Humphreys, VA, 1918; same year published first essay "God and War;" conducted a study of New York city longshoremen 1920-21; traveled to Denmark to study folk schools and cooperatives 1921-22; served as director of the Atlanta School of Social Work 1922-27; taught at Fisk University 1929-34; served as director of Howard University's social work department 1934-59.

Life's Work

When E. Franklin Frazier became head of Howard's sociology department in 1934, he emerged a vital force in promoting the scientific study of his field. A graduate of the University of Chicago, Frazier brought, during his 25-year post at Howard, modern analytical and quantitative techniques of the "Chicago School." Throughout his life he remained both scholar and activist, delivering, in his fiery essays and speaking appearances, sharp criticisms of capitalist society and middle class black America.

Frazier refuted the idea that African cultural traits survived among African Americans--a position that made him an uncompromising opponent of scholars from Melville Herskovits to James Weldon Johnson. Upholding socialism, he disdained many black elites and the members of New Negro movement whom he believed were more concerned with success in white markets rather than the struggle of the black masses. Through his famous studies of the black family, race, and religious life, he sought to help formulate values that promoted a consciousness of cultural self-determinism that could guide blacks in their goal of assimilation while preserving the desirable elements of the past.

One of five children, Edward Franklin Frazier was born the son of James and Mary Clark Frazier, on September 24, 1894, in Baltimore, Maryland. An uneducated man who taught himself to read, James Frazier, taught his children virtues of hard work and frugality. When Franklin was ten his father died, leaving Mary to support the family as a maid. Between his studies Franklin sold newspapers and delivered groceries. In June of 1912, he graduated from Colored High School, receiving the institution's only annual Howard University scholarship.

Nicknamed "Plato" by fellow students, Frazier's delved into his liberal arts education at Howard with Spartan devotion. His studies included courses in mathematics, physical science, literature, Latin, Greek, German, and social sciences. Howard philosophy professor Alain Locke described Frazier, as quoted in E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, "one of the most consistently competent and painstaking students I have taught in four years of my experience at the institution."

At Howard Frazier's desire for a classical and well-rounded education coincided with a developing interest in socialism. Because of his opposition to the religious and conservative views of Howard sociologist Kelly Miller, Frazier avoided taking sociology courses at Howard. He deplored Miller's religious eulogizing and his lack of scientific methodology. Outside the classroom, Frazier's deep interest in politics and race were stimulated by the left-wing ideas of the campus Intercollegiate Socialist Society and the pages of the socialist publication the Messenger.

Extremely active, Frazier joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the Drama, Social Science, German, and Political Science clubs; in 1915, he served as class president. Though he found the university's religious speakers uninspiring, Howard offered Frazier a higher degree of personal freedom and relaxed social restraints that were unknown in Southern black universities. At Howard, as Anthony M. Platt observed in, E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, Frazier "found a new world that must have confirmed and given purpose to the rebellious experience of youth."

After Frazier graduated from Howard cum laude with a bachelors degree in arts and sciences, he secured a job teaching math at Tuskegee Institute, not far from Selma, Alabama. For a freethinker and serious young scholar of classical background, Frazier's short tenure proved a period of personal ideological struggle. Booker T. Washington's successor Robert Russa Moton placed fierce emphasis on vocational training of students which, in their organized cadres, resembled disciplined military units.

One afternoon while Frazier walked across campus with several books under his arm, the school's director of the academic department stopped the young scholar, admonishing him that white visitors might interpret the open display of books as a deviation from the institution's vocational philosophy. Intended as a sign of rebellion against Tuskegee's anti-intellectual outlook, Frazier displayed bricks on his desk, along with some cotton and a bale of hay.

Leaving Tuskegee in 1917, Frazier taught for a summer term at Fort Valley High and Industrial School. Drafted into the armed forces a few months later, he opposed joining an "imperialistic conflict" which ignored democratic rights for African Americans. Though he registered for the draft, Frazier avoided military service until the summer 1918, when he served at Camp Humphreys, Virginia, as a Young Men's Christian Association business secretary--a program operated under the auspices of the War Department's War Work Council. Frazier's bitter opposition to the war prompted him to write his first major publication, "God and War." A 15-page pamphlet, "God and War" emerged as one of the first public anti-war statements written by African American intellectual.

In 1919 Frazier received a fellowship to attend Clark University, in Massachusetts. His studies concentrated primarily upon social science, and included statistics, philosophy, and neurology. "At Clark," wrote Anthony Platt in E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, "Frazier not only had his first serious introduction to the literature and ideas of sociology but also learned a new language. The conventions of a academic sociology required both a specialized vocabulary and at least an appearance of dispassionate objectivity."

Though two of his most influential sociology instructors, professors G. Stanley Hall and Frank Hankins, were adherents of a scientific racism that sought to prove the superiority of the Nordic race, Frazier completed his studies without open protest. Despite his objections, he accrued vital knowledge in the scientific constructs and study of sociology. His master's thesis, "New Currents of Thought Among the Colored People of America," remained testament to his increasing concern of the race problem.

After graduating from Clark in 1920, Frazier won a research fellowship to the New York School of Social Work, and for next two years conducted a study of the 82 longshoremen, on New York City's waterfront. Frazier's ground breaking study examined the workers in both their work and social environments. From 1921 to 1922, he traveled to Denmark as fellow of the Scandinavian Foundation. On a stipend of $1,000, he studied the Danish rural folk schools and cooperative enterprises. Frazier returned to America with the hope that rural education and cooperative businesses could serve as a model for developing a "democratization of wealth" among poor Southern blacks. Until 1925, he continued to argue the importance of African American cooperatives in creating economic growth through small amounts of capital.

In 1922 Frazier accepted a position as director of the Atlanta School of Social Work at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. Upon his arrival he worked diligently--as administrator, teacher, recruiter, and fund-raiser--to upgrade the school's small, understaffed social work program. Originally dependent upon Morehouse for providing classrooms and offices and one part-time instructor, Frazier's efforts resulted in the incorporation of the Atlanta School of Social Work as a independent program in 1924.

In the summer of 1923, Frazier took first graduate courses at the University of Chicago. One of his instructors was the renowned sociologist Robert E. Park. The influence of Park later emerged in Frazier's 1925 award-winning article, "Social Equality and the Negro," for the Urban league's Opportunity magazine. In The Mind and Mood of Black America, historian S. P. Fullinwinder outlined the central argument of Frazier's article: "The Negro is caught in a vicious circle, he has been categorized as an inferior, and, because so categorized by the dominant culture, he has enmeshed himself in a caste system which maintains his economic and cultural inferiority in fact. Fullinwinder, added, that "so far as Frazier was concerned, the only thing that could break down this deadly categorization was increased social intercourse between the races." Concerned with role of status conflict among blacks, Frazier repudiated the older generation of race men who believed that the differences of between the races stemmed from peculiar African endowments. As James O. Young concluded, in Black Writers of the Thirties, "Frazier thought the black America's problems were essentially a part of the larger problems of the dominant society."

Because of the militant tone of his writings, Frazier soon faced the wrath of the Atlanta University's white faculty and board of trustees. In 1926 the school asked for his resignation. Refusing to resign, he fought to retain his job--a stance that eventually forced the board to fire him. To avoid controversy and maintain its image, the university reported that Frazier had resigned. Frazier's departure, however, would not remain out of the light of controversy. Before leaving Atlanta in 1927, he published, "The Pathology of Race Prejudice," an article he had written in 1924.

Published in the June 1927 issue of Forum, the article brought a storm of protest in the white South. In the essay Frazier compared, as Franklin G. Edwards wrote in E. Franklin Frazier, "the mechanisms which operate in prejudiced behavior with those of which characterize mental illness." When repudiations of the article appeared in the Atlanta press, the Frazier's were threatened with lynching. A quick departure followed, with Frazier leaving Atlanta with a .45 in his belt.

In June of 1927, Frazier acquired an $800 grant to attend the University of Chicago. Studying under the mentors of the "Chicago School of Sociology," he received instruction from Robert Park, Ernest W. Burgess, and Ellsworth Faris. As Anthony M. Platt observed, in E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, the University of Chicago provided Frazier with "a lively and encouraging intellectual atmosphere within the department, a close relationship between professors and students, who knew they were the pioneers of a new kind of research and scholarship in sociology." In 1927 Frazier began his study the Negro Family in Chicago. Based on the "social disorganization theory," the study related how African Americans had suffered a series of shocks, beginning with their original African enslavement, followed by trans-Atlantic voyage, slavery, emancipation, and finally their migration to urban centers, where they experienced a conflict with their former rural way of life.

During the same year he launched his Chicago study, Frazier voiced his opposition to the New Negro movement of the Harlem Renaissance. In an essay written for the Urban League's Ebony and Topaz, he spoke out against the argument existing among blacks who advocated a unique black culture and those who sought conformity to white western aesthetic standards. Never one to associate himself with the Harlem scene, Frazier viewed the two extremes as an "over-simplified struggle." Recognizing the vast grey area existing between the two positions, he called for the creation of a "group efficiency" among blacks by which the individual could acquire group status and "fuller participation in American culture."

According to Frazier, blacks could not advance by romanticizing the crude rural culture exemplified in evangelical Christianity or the sorrow songs of spirituals and blues. Conversely, he believed nothing could be gained by imitating white bourgeoisie lifestyles and art. Though he never offered a coherent plan for formulating a modern African American culture to elevate blacks in the modern industrial society, Frazier did discern the complexity in the development of a integrated culture allowing blacks individual identity while seeking full participation within in mainstream America.

After graduating with his doctoral degree from the University of Chicago in 1929, Frazier began a five-year position at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. At Fisk he opposed the political outlook of the university's social science department director, Charles S. Johnson, one of the founders of the Harlem Renaissance and editor of the Urban League's Opportunity magazine. Though he despised Johnson's liberal politics and his associations with white philanthropists, he finished his tenure without publicly attacking his elder associate. While at Fisk Frazier published his first books in 1932, the Negro Family in Chicago and The Free Negro, and 12 articles that appeared in such periodicals as Current History, Opportunity, American Journal of Sociology, and The Journal Of Negro History.

In 1934 Frazier accepted a job as director of Howard University's sociology department. Replacing the ailing Kelly Miller, Frazier set out to restructure the entire curriculum. A long-standing adversary of Miller, Frazier, as Fullinwinder explained in Mind and Mood, "had nothing but contempt for the type of moralizing that had been passing as science." During his twelve-year residence at Howard, Frazier contributed to a number of studies, including Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia's Harlem Commission study which investigated the 1935 Harlem riot. In 1939 he served as one of several scholars who provided criticism for Swedish economist Gunnar Mydral's study, American Dilemma.

That same year, Frazier published his famous book The Negro in the United States, which won the Ansfield award. Based upon his earlier studies of the Negro family, the work drew heavily on history, sociology, social psychology, and Afro-American studies. It dealt with such themes as the historical legacy of the matriarchal black family and the tradition of the mulatto "brown middle class." Countering the dominant scientific racists of the day, Frazier's work explained deviant behavior and poverty among blacks in sociological terms, attributing such problems to environment and institutionalized racism rather than biological determinism.

Frazier's study viewed the migration to northern cities as a period of both destruction and rebirth--an environment in which African American rural culture and familial cohesiveness would periodically breakdown. Following his socialist ideology, he believed the early stage of poverty and dislocation would be followed by a prosperous period of black industrial unionization. Blacks would then abandon "brown middle-class" values expounded by African American conservative spokesmen and intellectuals who Frazier believed prevented the progress of the black masses in order to maintain their own positions.

A year after the appearance of The Negro Family in the United States, Frazier published Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality Development in the Middle States. A personality study of black youths in Washington, DC, and Louisville, Kentucky, "Frazier's analysis," wrote G. Franklin Edwards in E. Franklin Frazier, "took account of the socialization of influences provided by the family, church, school, and neighborhoods." In 1940 Frazier received John Guggenheim Foundation fellowship grant to study race relations in Brazil which produced the paper "A Comparison of Negro-White Relations in Brazil and the United States," in 1944. Four years later, he became the first African American to serve as president of the American Sociological Society, and subsequently published The Negro in the United States.

In 1949 Frazier stepped down as head of Howard's sociology department. Between 1951 and 1953, he served as chief of the division of applied sciences of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). During the 1950s he spent two years in Paris and traveled to Africa and the Middle East. In 1957 he published Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World, and his most controversial study Black Bourgeoisie. First published in France as Bourgeoisie Noire in 1955, the book's scathing criticism of the failure of the black middle class evoked a bitter response among many whites and African Americans. By exposing the black middle as largely dependent upon white collar jobs and capital, Frazier sought to dispel the myths behind the so-called strides made by black businessmen and their vision for a separate black economy. Written in 1962, and posthumously published in 1964, Frazier's last work The Negro Church in America described how, out of the oppression of slavery, the church became a uniquely American institution which had a consistent role in looking after the welfare of the African American masses.

During the last decade of his life, Frazier dedicated himself to the world struggle of people of African descent. His last years were spent speaking out against African American intellectuals who he believed lacked the foresight and knowledge of their African counterparts. "Frazier was hopeful," observed Platt in E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, "that a new 'international community' was in the process, that 'a world based upon federated cultures' was in the making." Frazier began to suffer from terminal cancer. He also faced pressures from the U.S. State Department which placed him under investigation for being affiliated with several subversive organizations. He died of a heart attack on May 17, 1962.

As an activist intellectual, Frazier emerged in the late 1920s as a militant voice in the struggle for equality and racial identity. Throughout the 1930s until the last months of his life, he remained a radical visionary. In his last essay, "The Failure of the Negro Intellectual," published in Negro Digest, Frazier admonished blacks to "leave a worthwhile memorial--in science, in art, in literature, in sculpture, in music--of our having been here." In his sociological studies and fiery essays, Frazier has gained an enduring place in the memorial of African American intellectual and cultural history.

Awards

Opportunity magazine's first prize for essay 1925; won Van Vechten prize for best contribution in Opportunity, 1928; won Ansfield award for The Negro Family in the United States, 1939; elected president of American Sociological Association 1948; received the American Sociological Association's Maclver Award.

Works

Writings

• The Negro Family in Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1931.
• The Free Negro Family, Fisk University Press, 1932.
• The Negro Family in the United States, University Chicago Press, 1939.
• Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality and Development in the Middle States, Schocken Books, 1940.
• The Negro in the United States, 1949.
• Bourgeoisie Noire, Plon, (Paris), 1955.
• Black Bourgeoisie, The Free Press, 1957.
• Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World, A.A. Knopf, 1957.
• The Negro Church in America, Schocken Books, 1964.

Further Reading

Books

• Black Protest Thought in the Twentieth Century, edited by August Meier and Elliot Rudwick, Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc., 1971.
• Edwards, Franklin G., E. Franklin Frazier on Race Relations: Selected Writings, University of Chicago Press, 1968.
• Fullinwinder, S. P., The Mind and Mood of Black America, Dorsey Press, 1969.
• Platt, Anthony M., E. Franklin Frazier Reconsidered, Rutgers University Press, 1991.
• Young, James O., Black Writers of the Thirties, Louisiana State University Press, 1973.

• Negro Digest, February, 1962.

— John Cohassey

This article or section has multiple issues. Please help improve the article or discuss these issues on the talk page. It needs additional references or sources for verification. Tagged since July 2009.

Edward Franklin Frazier (September 24, 1894 - May 17, 1962), was an American sociologist. His 1932 Ph.D. dissertation The Negro Family in Chicago, later released as a book The Negro Family in the United States in 1939, analyzed the cultural and historical forces that influenced the development of the African American family from the time of slavery. The book was awarded the 1939 Anisfield Award for the most significant work in the field of race relations. This book was among the first sociological works on blacks researched and written by a black person. He helped draft the UNESCO statement The Race Question in 1950.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 References 4 External links

Biography

E. Franklin Frazier was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 24, 1894. Frazier was one of five children of James H. Frazier, a bank manager, and Mary Clark Frazier, a housewife. Frazier attended Baltimore public schools. Upon his graduation from Colored High School, June 1912, Frazier was awarded the school's annual scholarship to Howard University in Washington, DC, from where he graduated with honors in 1916. E. Franklin Frazier was an excellent scholar, pursuing Latin, Greek, German and mathematics. He also found time to participate in extracurricular activities involving drama, political science, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. His leadership skills were evidenced in his class presidencies of 1915 and 1916.

Frazier began his career teaching mathematics at Tuskegee from 1916 to 1917, English and History at St. Paul's Normal and Industrial School in Lawrenceville, Virginia (1917-1918), and French and Mathematics at Baltimore High School (1918-1919).

Frazier attended Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts where he earned a master's degree in 1920. The topic of his thesis was "New Currents of Thought Among the Colored People of America". It was during his time at Clark that Frazier first became acquainted with sociology.

After spending 1920-1921 as a Russell Sage Foundation fellow at the New York School of Social Work (later Columbia University School of Social Work) and a year at the University of Copenhagen as a fellow of the American Scandinavian Foundation, Frazier accepted an appointment at Atlanta University where he served as the director of the Atlanta School of Social Work and an instructor of sociology at Morehouse College.

During this time Frazier published a number of articles, including "The Pathology of Race Prejudice" in 1927. This article, which argued that racial prejudice was analogous to insanity, stirred such strong reactions among residents in Atlanta that Frazier was removed from his position.

Frazier moved from Atlanta to Chicago where he received a fellowship from the University of Chicago's sociology department. His studies at Chicago culminated in his earning a Ph.D. in 1931. Along with Howard University colleagues, Ralph Bunche and Abram Lincoln Harris, Frazier delivered an attack on older generations at the NAACP's 1933 Amenia Conference. Frazier spent a few years at Fisk University, followed by a move to Howard University in Washington, DC in 1934.

In 1941 Frazier embarked on a year-long study of family life in Brazil, supported by a Guggenheim Fellowship. He spent the next twenty years associated with Howard University where his work focused on the environment of black colleges, especially that of Howard University.

Frazier was a founding member of the D.C. Sociological Society, serving as President of DCSS in 1943-44. Frazier also served as President of the Eastern Sociological Society in 1944-45. In 1948, Frazier was the first African American to serve as President of the American Sociological Society (later renamed Association). His Presidential Address, "Race Contacts and the Social Structure", was presented at the organization's annual meeting in Chicago in December 1948.

Frazier's position formed one half of the debate with Melville J. Herskovits on the nature of cultural contact in the Western Hemisphere, specifically with reference to Africans, Europeans, and their descendents.

Frazier's Black Bourgeoisie, the 1957 translation of a work first published in French in 1955, was a critical examination of the adoption by middle-class African Americans of a subservient conservatism that derived from the cultural style and traditional religion of the white middle class, viewed as itself intellectually and culturally barren.

Frazier was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans. [1]

Frazier died May 17, 1962 at the age of 68, in Washington, D.C.. He has been ranked among the top African Americans for his influence of institutions and practices to accept the demands by African Americans for economic, political and social equality in American life.

In 1995 the E. Franklin Frazier Center for Social Work Research was established in the School of Social Work at Howard University. The center is named in honor of Dr. Edward Franklin Frazier because of his hard work and for all of his contributions to Howard University. A leading American sociologist and scholar- and a Howard graduate. Dr. Frazier dedicated his life to the creation of empirically based knowledge useful to solving problems affecting black people.

His pioneering studies on Black youth and families established his scholarly reputation throughout the world. During his lifetime he produced nine books and over 100 articles and essays challenging conventional research in the field of social work.

Edward Franklin Frazier (1864-1962) was a graduate of Howard University. Once graduated, he was a professor of math, history and modern language at the Tuskegee Institute. Known for his writings, Fraziers' Ph.D dissertation was critically acclaimed as one of the most important reads since an earlier writing by William Du Bois, also someone Frazier called his mentor. Some of his writings caused controversy among the black community. Often making known through his literature that black Americans had not made any real progress and that the blacks Americans position in the United States was not at the top. Many of his writings focused on the impact of slavery and how it divided the black family. His support for African American civil rights during the McCarthy era resulted in him being acknowledged not for his brilliant work but as a traitor. Edward F. Frazier died May 17, 1962.

Frazier was also known for his numerous feuds with fellow academics, most notably Charles Johnson and Melville Herskovits. He was also briefly alienated from his mentor W. E. B. Du Bois in the 1930s.

http://www.naswdc.org/diversity/black_history/2005/frazier.asp

Works

• The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War (Nashville: Fisk University Press, 1932)
• The Negro Family in Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932)
• The Negro Family in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939)
• Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality Development in the Middle States (Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1940)
• The Negro Family in Bahia, Brazil (1942)
• The Negro in the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1949)
• The Integration of the Negro into American Society (editor) (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1951.
• Bourgeoisie noire (Paris: Plon, 1955)
• Black Bourgeoisie (translation of Bourgeoisie noire)(Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957)
• Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World (New York: Knopf, 1957)
• The Negro Church in America (New York: Schocken Books, 1963)
• On Race Relations: Selected Writings, edited and with an introduction by G. Franklin Edwards, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968)

References

• Jackson, E. R. Frazier, E. Franklin. American National Biography Online. February 2000.

External links

• Biography and bibliography from Howard University
• [2] from Edward Franklin Frazier
• [3] from Howard University
• [4] from E. Franklin Frazier, an astute sociologist
• [5] from bibliography of E. Franklin Frazier, Sociologist, Educator, Author, Scholar
• National Assoc. of Social Workers Award for Black History Month

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