embargo

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For more information on embargo, visit Britannica.com.

Definition: prohibition
Antonyms: allowance

n. pl. -oes 1. an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country: an embargo on grain sales | the oil embargo of 1973.

2. an official prohibition on any activity.

3. an order of a state forbidding foreign ships to enter, or any ships to leave, its ports.

1. (usually be embargoed) impose an official ban on (trade or a country or commodity): the country has been virtually embargoed by most of the noncommunist world.

2. officially ban the publication of: documents of national security importance are routinely embargoed.

3. archaic seize (a ship or goods) for state service.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

A proclamation or order of government, usually issued in time of war or threatened hostilities, prohibiting the departure of ships or goods from some or all ports until further order. Government order prohibiting commercial trade with individuals or businesses of other specified nations. Legal prohibition on commerce.

The temporary or permanent sequestration of the property of individuals for the purposes of a government, e.g., to obtain vessels for the transport of troops, the owners being reimbursed for this forced service.

A governmental restriction on trade for political purposes. The objective is to put pressure on other governments by prohibiting exports to or imports from those countries.

A government order that restricts commerce or exchange with a specified country. An embargo is usually created as a result of unfavorable political or economic circumstances between nations. The restriction looks to isolate the country and create difficulties for its governing body, forcing it to act on the underlying issue.

Investopedia Says:
An embargo will restrict all trade with a country, or aim to reduce the exchange of specific goods. For example, a strategic embargo prevents the exchange of any military goods with a country. A trade embargo will restrict anyone from exporting to the target nation. Because many nations rely on global trade, an embargo is a powerful tool for influencing a nation.

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• Release Date: 1977
• Genre: Action
• Style: Overhead View Action

• World Relations and Conditions - embargo: governmental prohibition on export of goods to specific foreign state
• Economics and Economic Theory - embargo: ban on import or export of specific item to or from particular nation

This article is about the economic term. For press embargoes, see News embargo. For delayed access after publication, see Embargo (academic publishing). For arms embargoes, see Arms embargo#List of current arms embargoes. For the 2010 Portuguese film, see Embargo (film).

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (August 2010)

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An embargo (from the Spanish embargo) is the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it. Embargoes are considered strong diplomatic measures imposed in an effort, by the imposing country, to elicit a given national-interest result from the country on which it is imposed. Embargoes are similar to economic sanctions and are generally considered legal barriers to trade, not to be confused with blockades, which are often considered to be acts of war.^[1]

Embargo may also refer to the practice of blocking fare classes at certain levels, and award availability on airlines. In response to embargoes, an independent economy or autarky often develops in an area subjected to heavy embargo. Effectiveness of embargoes is thus in proportion to the extent and degree of international participation.

Contents 1 Examples of Embargoes 2 List of countries under embargo 3 Former trade embargoes 4 See also 5 Notes

Examples of Embargoes

The Embargo of 1807 was a series of laws passed by the U.S. Congress 1806–1808, during the second term of President Thomas Jefferson. Britain and France were engaged in a major war; the U.S. wanted to remain neutral and trade with both sides, but neither side wanted the other to have the American supplies. The American national-interest goal was to use the new laws to avoid war and force that country to respect American rights.^[2]

One of the most comprehensive attempts at an embargo happened during the Napoleonic Wars. In an attempt to cripple the United Kingdom economically, the Continental System – which forbade European nations from trading with the UK – was created. In practice it was not completely enforceable and was as harmful if not more so to the nations involved than to the British.^[3]

The United States imposed an embargo on Cuba on February 7, 1962.^{[citation needed]} Referred to by Cuba as "el bloqueo" (the blockade), the US embargo on Cuba remains one of the longest-standing embargoes. The embargo was embraced by few of the United States' allies and apparently has done little to affect Cuban policies over the years. Nonetheless, while taking some steps to allow limited economic exchanges with Cuba, President Barack Obama recently reaffirmed the policy, stating that without improved human rights and freedoms by Cuba's current government, the embargo remains "in the national interest of the United States."

In effort to punish South Africa for its policies of apartheid, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a voluntary international oil embargo against South Africa on November 20, 1987; that embargo had the support of 130 countries.^[4]

List of countries under embargo

• Mali (by ECOWAS) total embargo in order to force Juntas to give power back and re-install National constitution. Decided on April 2nd, 2012
• China (by EU and US), arms embargo, enacted in response to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
• Iran (by US and US international allies), notably bar nuclear, missile and many military exports to Iran and target investments in oil, gas and petrochemicals, exports of refined petroleum products, as well as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, banks, insurance, financial transactions and shipping. enacted 1979, increased through the following years and reached its tightest point in 2010.
• North Korea (by UN, USA, EU),^[5] luxury goods (and arms), enacted 2006
• Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, (by UN), consumer goods, enacted 1975^{[citation needed]}
• Cuba (by US), arms, consumer goods, money, enacted 1960
• Georgia (by Russia), agricultural products, wine, mineral water, enacted 2006
• Japan, animal shipments due to lack of infrastructure and radiation issue after the 2011 9.0 earthquake aftermath.
• Indonesia (by Australia), cattle, enacted since 2011
• Gaza Strip by Israel since 2001
• Syria (by EU, US), arms and imports of oil. ^[6]

Former trade embargoes

• FR Yugoslavia (by UN)
• North Vietnam (1964–1975) and later Vietnam (1975–1994), trade embargo by the US ^[7]
• Republic of Macedonia (by Greece), complete trade embargo (1994-1995).
• Libya (by United Nations), weapons, enacted 2011 after mass killings of Libyan protesters/rebels and ended later that year after the overthrow and summary execution of Gaddafi.
• India (by UK),^[8] nuclear exports restriction.
• Pakistan (by UK),^[8] nuclear exports restriction, enacted 2002
• Serbia by Kosovo's unilaterally declared government, since 2011^[9]
• European Union arms embargo on the People's Republic of China
• Embargo Act of 1807
• Former Yugoslavia Embargo November 21, 1995 Dayton Peace Accord
• United States embargoes and permanent normal trade relations
• United States embargo against Cuba
• United States embargo against Nigeria
• CoCom

See also

Economics portal

• Arms embargo
• Boycott

General:

• Trade
• International sanctions

Notes

1. ^ "Blockade as Act of War". Crimes of War Project. http://www.crimesofwar.org/thebook/blockade-act-war.html. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 
2. ^ "Embargo of 1807t". http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Embargo_of_1807. 
3. ^ "Continental System Napoleon British Embargo Napoleon's 1812". http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Continental:policy.htm. 
4. ^ "Oil Embargo against Apartheid South Africa on richardknight.com". http://richardknight.homestead.com/files/oilembargo.htm. 
5. ^ North Korea embargo
6. ^ "Syria sanctions". BBC News. 27 November 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15753975. 
7. ^ Cockburn, Patrick (February 4, 1994). "US finally ends Vietnam embargo". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/us-finally-ends-vietnam-embargo-1391770.html. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Pakistan and India UK nuclear exports restrictions
9. ^ Serbia-Kosovo Embargo

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - embargo, handelsforbud, handelssanktion, hindring
v. tr. - belægge med embargo, beslaglægge, rekvirere, konfiskere

Nederlands (Dutch)
embargo, uitvoerverbod, handelsverbod, beletsel

Français (French)
n. - (Pol, Comm, Naut, etc) embargo, (fig) interdiction, restriction
v. tr. - instaurer un embargo, (fig) interdire

Deutsch (German)
n. - Embargo, Sperre
v. - sperren

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - εμπάργκο, οικονομικός αποκλεισμός, παρεμπόδιση
v. - (οικον.) επιβάλλω εμπάργκο/οικονομικό αποκλεισμό

Italiano (Italian)
embargo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - embargo (m), proibição (f)
v. - embargar, proibir, confiscar

Русский (Russian)
эмбарго, наложить эмбарго

Español (Spanish)
n. - embargo
v. tr. - embargar, prohibir la entrada o salida de buques o mercancías

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - handelsförbud, beslag, embargo
v. - sätta i handelsförbud

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
封港令, 阻止, 禁运, 禁止出入港口

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 封港令, 阻止, 禁運
v. tr. - 禁止出入港口, 禁運

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 억류, 통상 정지, 금지
v. tr. - 출항 금지를 명하다, 입항 금지를 명하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 出港禁止, 通商禁止, 制限
v. - 出入港を禁止する, 輸出入を禁止する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حظر (فعل) يفرض حظرا‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮אמברגו, מעצר, הסגר, איסור על כניסה לנמלי מדינה ויציאה מהם, השעייה רשמית של מסחר או פעילות אחרת‬
v. tr. - ‮אמברגו, הטיל אמברגו על, מעצר, הסגר‬

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