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Entity Type : A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics. for example student is an entity type with common attributes such as student_ID , Name, Class etc. These characteristics are common to all students.

Entity Instance: A single occurrence of a particular entity type is called entity instance..

Q: Entity type vs entity instance?
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Entity Type : A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics. for example student is an entity type with common attributes such as student_ID , Name, Class etc. These characteristics are common to all students.

Entity Instance: A single occurrence of a particular entity type is called entity instance..

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entity relation model for hospital database

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An entity relationship diagram for hotel reservation systems is a map of each entity or thing that has a part in the process of hotel reservations. The diagram maps the relationship between each entity of the process.

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Ann thought that she saw a ghost entity hovering over the graveyard, but it turned out to be a flag

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Specialization
The process of designating sub groupings with in an entity set is called specialization.We

use IS A relationship to represent specialization.IS

A relationship may also be referred as super class-subclass

relationship

Example: Person IS A Employee

Person IS A Customer

Employee IS A Manager

Generalization
Here the design process take place in bottom up manner.Multiple

entity sets are synthesized into a higher level entity set on the basis of common features.

Example: Employee and Customer entities can be synthesized into a higher level entity Person.

Attribute inheritance
The attributes of higher level entity set are inherited by lower level entity set.

Aggregation
Aggregation is an abstraction in which relationship sets are treated as higher level entity sets. Here a relationship set is embedded inside an entity set, and these entity sets can participate in relationships.

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