Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines was created in 1953.

In cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number w, equal to the ratio of its pressure p to its energy density ρ: . It is closely related to the thermodynamic equation of state and ideal gas law.

the Equation of State is a thermodynamic equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. It is a constitutive equation which provides a mathematical relationship between two or more state functions associated with the matter, such as its temperature, pressure, volume, or internal energy. there are two common types of this equations of state. the first one is Cubic E.O.S, which has a triple root for its solution and the second one is the Viral Equation of State which depends mainly on a long series of constants that depend on Tr and Pr and other materials properties.

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