Ernest Thompson Seton: Biography from Answers.com

Ernest Thompson Seton (1860-1946) was best known as the author of "Wild Animals I Have Known" and as co-founder of the Boy Scouts of America.

Seton was born on August 14, 1860, in South Shields, England, the eighth of the ten sons of Alice Snowdon Thompson and Joseph Logan Thompson. At the age of 21 he took the surname Seton in the belief that his father was the true heir to the lands and titles of Lord Seton, Earl of Winton. After an appeal from his mother in 1887, he resumed the Thompson surname and began using the nom de plume Ernest Seton-Thompson on his published works; in 1901 he changed his name legally to Ernest Thompson Seton. These changes have caused confusion in identifying his earlier work.

Joseph Thompson owned a small fleet of merchant sailing ships, but when forced out of business by competition from steam-powered ships in 1866, he emigrated to Canada with his family to become a farmer. On the farm near Lindsay, Ontario, Seton developed the interest in animal life that became the basis of his career as both artist and naturalist. The Thompsons, however, were unsuccessful as farmers, and after four years they moved to Toronto; here Seton discovered the wildlife of Toronto Island and the Don River valley. His adventures in the valley may be found in Two Little Savages (1903).

In 1876 he was apprenticed to the Toronto portrait painter John Colin Forbes and began night classes at the Ontario School of Art and Design. Although he won a seven year scholarship to London's Royal Academy of Arts in January 1881, he abandoned his studies after only seven months and returned to Canada, this time to settle on his brother Arthur's Manitoba homestead. His wildlife research on the prairie resulted in the publication of his first scientific article in 1883 and provided material for many of his later books, among them The Trail of the Sandhill Stag (1899).

Seton completed his art training between 1890 and 1896 at the Académie Julian in Paris. It was in France that he met the writer Grace Gallatin, the daughter of a San Francisco financier. They were married in New York in June 1896 and settled near Greenwich, Connecticut. Their only child was Anya Seton, the novelist. The marriage ended in divorce in 1935.

In 1898 Seton published his first book of animal stories, Wild Animals I Have Known, telling the stories of Lobo, King of Currumpaw; Silverspot, the crow; and Raggylug, the cottontail rabbit, from the animals' points of view. Lavishly illustrated with Seton's unique drawings and paintings, the book was an instant success, and Seton went on tour telling his stories and showing slides of his illustrations. For the next ten years he turned out at least one book of stories annually, including The Biography of a Grizzly; Lives of the Hunted; Monarch, the Big Bear of Tallac; Woodmyth and Fable; and Animal Heroes.

The popularity of his stories was temporarily halted in 1903 when the naturalist/philosopher John Burroughs accused him in an article in the Atlantic Monthly of "faking" his animal tales. Seton responded to this attack by investing the next five years in the research and writing of the two-volume Life Histories of Northern Animals which earned him the Camp Fire Gold Medal for 1909 and the renewed popularity of his books. Later he enlarged the Life Histories and published them in four volumes between 1925 and 1928 as Lives of Game Animals, this time earning the John Burroughs Memorial Society's Bronze Medal.

In 1902 Seton organized the Woodcraft Indians for boys in order to encourage outdoor activities, and in 1904 he presented a copy of his Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians to Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the hero of the seige of Mafeking, South Africa, asking him to help popularize Woodcraft summer camps in England. Instead, Baden-Powell introduced his own organization - the Boy Scouts - into England in 1908, incorporating most of the games and activities Seton had included in the Birchbark Roll. When it appeared that Baden-Powell intended to move the Boy Scout organization into the United States, Seton joined forces with other youth leaders to form the Boy Scouts of America in 1910, and he became the first Chief Scout. However, five years later he was forced out of the Boy Scouts because he was a pacifist.

In 1930 Seton settled on a 2,300-acre tract of land near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Here he married his second wife, Julia Moss Buttree, and with her he founded the Seton College of Indian Wisdom (later the Seton Institute of Indian Lore). Here for the next ten years they conducted summer courses in arts and crafts, outdoor activities, and leadership skills. He published his autobiography in 1940 and his last animal story book, Santana, the Hero Dog of France, in 1945. He continued to write and lecture until two months before his death on October 23, 1946.

Ernest Thompson Seton

Born	August 14, 1860(1860-08-14) South Shields, England
Died	October 23, 1946 (aged 86) Seton Village, New Mexico, USA
Occupation	author, wildlife artist
Known for	founder of the Woodcraft Indians and founding pioneer of the Boy Scouts of America
Awards	Silver Buffalo Award John Burroughs Medal

Early life

Born Ernest Evan Thompson in South Shields, County Durham (now part of South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear), England of Scottish parents, Seton's family emigrated to Canada in 1866. Most of his childhood was spent in Toronto. As a youth, he retreated to the woods to draw and study animals as a way of avoiding his abusive father. He won a scholarship in art to the Royal Academy in London, England.^[1]

He later rejected his father and changed his name to Ernest Thompson Seton. He believed that Seton had been an important name in his paternal line. He developed a fascination with wolves while working as a naturalist for Manitoba. He became successful as a writer, artist and naturalist, and moved to New York City to further his career. Seton later lived at Wyndygoul, an estate that he built in Cos Cob, a section of Greenwich, Connecticut. After experiencing vandalism by the local youth, Seton invited them to his estate for a weekend where he told stories of the American Indians and of nature.^[2]

He formed the Woodcraft Indians in 1902 and invited the local youth to join. The stories became a series of articles written for the Ladies Home Journal and were eventually collected in the The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians in 1906.

Seton was married twice. The first marriage was to Grace Gallatin in 1896. Their only daughter, Ann, was born in 1904 and died in 1990. Ann, who later changed her first name, became a best-selling author of historical and biographical novels as Anya Seton. According to Ann's introduction to the novel Green Darkness, Grace was a practicing Theosophist. Ernest and Grace divorced in 1935, and Ernest soon married Julia M. Buttree. Julia would write works by herself and with Ernest. They did not have any children, but did adopt an infant daughter, Beulah (Dee) Seton (later Dee Seton Barber), in 1938. Dee Seton Barber died in 2006.

Scouting

Ernest Thompson Seton (left) with Baden-Powell (seated) and fellow Boy Scouts of America pioneer Dan Beard (right)

Seton met Scouting's founder, Lord Baden-Powell, in 1906. Baden-Powell had read Seton's book, The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians, and was greatly intrigued by it. The pair met and shared ideas. Baden-Powell went on to found the Scouting movement worldwide, and Seton became vital in the foundation of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and was its first Chief Scout. His Woodcraft Indians (a youth organization), combined with the early attempts at Scouting from the YMCA and other organizations, and Daniel Carter Beard's Sons of Daniel Boone, to form the BSA.^[3] The work of Seton and Beard is in large part the basis of the Traditional Scouting movement.^[4]

Seton was Chief Scout of the BSA from 1910-1915 and his work is in large part responsible for the American Indian influences within the BSA. However, he had significant personality and philosophical clashes with Beard and James E. West.

In addition to disputes about the content of and Seton's contributions to the Boy Scout Handbook, conflicts also arose about the suffrage activities of his wife, Grace, and his British citizenship. The citizenship issue arose partly because of his high position within BSA, and the federal charter West was attempting to obtain for the BSA required its board members to be American citizens. Seton drafted his written resignation on January 29, 1915, but he did not send it to BSA until May.^[5]

Writing and later life

Seton was an early pioneer of the modern school of animal fiction writing, his most popular work being Wild Animals I Have Known (1898), which contains the story of his killing of the wolf Lobo. He later became involved in a literary debate known as the nature fakers controversy, after John Burroughs published an article in 1903 in the Atlantic Monthly attacking writers of sentimental animal stories. The controversy lasted for four years and included important American environmental and political figures of the day, including President Theodore Roosevelt.^[6]

In 1931 he became a United States citizen. Seton was associated with the Santa Fe arts and literary community during the mid 1930's and early 1940s, which comprised a group of artists and authors including author and artist Alfred Morang, sculptor and potter Clem Hull, painter Georgia O'Keeffe, painter Randall Davey, painter Raymond Jonson, leader of the Transcendental Painters Group, and artist Eliseo Rodriguez.^[7]

He died in Seton Village in northern New Mexico at the age of eighty-six. Seton was cremated in Albuquerque. In 1960, in honor of his 100th birthday and the 350th anniversary of Santa Fe, his daughter Dee and his grandson, Seton Cottier (son of Anya), scattered the ashes over Seton Village from an airplane.^[8]

The Philmont Scout Ranch houses the Seton Memorial Library and Museum. Seton Castle in Santa Fe, built by Seton as his last residence, housed many of his other items. Seton Castle burned down in 2005; fortunately all the artwork, manuscripts, books, etc., had been removed to storage before renovation was to have begun.^[9]

The Academy for the Love of Learning, an educational organization in Santa Fe, acquired Seton Castle and its contents in 2003. The new Academy Center, opening in 2010, will include a gallery and archives featuring artwork and other materials as part of its Seton Legacy Project. The Seton Legacy Project has organized a major exhibition on Seton opening at the New Mexico History Museum on May 23, 2010. The show will be accompanied by a catalog titled, Ernest Thompson Seton, the Life and Legacy of an Artist and Conservationist by David L. Witt.

Legacy

Despite only spending his childhood years in Canada, Seton is honoured in Canada. E.T. Seton Park is a park in Toronto and operated by the City of Toronto. Obtained in the early 1960s as the site of future Metro Toronto Zoo, the land was later used to establish parkland and home to the Ontario Science Centre.

Works

drawing from Wild Animals I Have Known, Scribners (1898)

Mammals of Manitoba (1886)
Birds of Manitoba, Foster (1891)
The Baron and the Wolves or Triumph of the Wolves (1893), wolves eat the carcass of the trapper
How to Catch Wolves, Oneida Community (1894)
The Pursuit (1994-1895), painting of wolves chasing the Russian trapper baron
Studies in the Art Anatomy of Animals, Macmillan (1896)
White Swan (1897) painting
Wild Animals I Have Known, Scribners (1898)
The Trail of the Sandhill Stag, Scribners (1899)
Lobo, Rag, and Vixen, Scribners (1899)
The Wild Animal Play For Children (Musical), Doubleday & Curtis (1900)
The Biography of a Grizzly, Century (1900)
Lobo (1900)
Ragylug (1900)
American Printing House For The Blind, Wild Animals I have Known (NY point system) (1900)
Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind Four Books In Braille: Lobo, Redruff, Raggylug, Vixen (1900)
Lives of the Hunted, Scribners (1901)
Twelve Pictures of Wild Animals (no text) Scribners (1901)
Krag and Johnny Bear, Scribners (1902)
How to Play Indian (1903)

drawing from Two Little Savages, Doubleday (1903)

Two Little Savages, Doubleday (1903)
How to Make a Real Indian Teepee, Curtis (1903)
How Boys Can Form a Band of Indians, Curtis (1903)
The Red Book (1904)
Monarch, The Big Bear of Tallac, Scribners (1904)
Woodmyth and Fable, Century (1905)
Animal Heroes, Scribners (1905)
The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians (1906)
The Natural History of the Ten Commandments, Scribners (1907)
Fauna of Manitoba, British Assoc. Handbook (1909)
Biography of a Silver Fox, Century (1909)
Life-Histories of Northern Animals (2 Volumes), Scribners (1909)
BSA: A Handbook of Woodcraft, Scouting, and Life-craft, Including General Sir Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys. Doubleday and Page for the Boy Scouts of America (1910)
The Forester's Manual, Doubleday (1910)
The Arctic Prairies : a Canoe-Journey of 2,000 Miles in Search of the Caribou; B at Project Gutenberg , Scribners (1911)
Rolf In The Woods, Doubleday (Dedicated to the Boy Scouts of America). Note: Full text is available on-line, thanks to Ted Soldan and the holders of the copyright. (1911)

drawing from The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore, Doubleday (1912)

The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore, Doubleday (1912)
The Red Lodge, private printing of 100 copies (1912)
Wild Animals at Home, Doubleday (1913)
The Slum Cat, Constable (London) (1915)
Legend of the White Reindeer, Constable (London) (1915)
The Manual of the Woodcraft Indians (1915)
Wild Animal Ways, Doubleday (1916)
Woodcraft Manual for Girls (1916)
The Preacher of Cedar Mountain, Doubleday (1917)
Woodcraft Manual for Boys; the Sixteenth Birch Bark Roll by Ernest Thompson Seton. Published for the Woodcraft League of America, Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & Company, 1917. 441 pp., illus. and music. (1917)
The Woodcraft Manual for Boys; the Seventeenth Birch Bark Roll by Ernest Thompson Seton. Published for the Woodcraft League of America, Inc. Garden City, New York Doubleday, Page & Company, 441 pp. Illus. and music. (1918)
The Woodcraft Manual for Girls; the Eighteenth Birch Bark Roll, Published for the Woodcraft League of America, Inc. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & Company, 424 pp. Illus. and music. (1918)

page from Sign Talk of the Indians, Doubleday (1918)

Sign Talk of the Indians, Doubleday (1918)
The Laws and Honors of the Little Lodge of Woodcraft., 8 vo. Published at Cheyenne, Wyo. August. 4th edition. (1919)
The Brownie Wigwam; The Rules of the Brownies. Fun outdoors for boys and girls under 11 years of age. Woodcraft League of America, N. Y. 8 vo., 7 pp. 5th edition, the first being part of the Birch Bark Roll for 1906 (1921)
The Buffalo Wind (1921)
Woodland Tales (1921)
The Book of Woodcraft (1921)
The Book of Woodcraft and Indian Lore; Doubleday, Page & Co., 590 pp. More than 500 drawings by the author; 3rd edition of the 1912 issue, enlarged by the inclusion of "The Foresters Manual." (1922)
Bannertail: The Story of A Grey Squirrel, Scribners (1922)
Manual of the Brownies; Manual of the Brownies, the Little Lodge of the Woodcraft League of America. 6th edition. A pamphlet of 10 pp. Oct., New York. (1922)
The Ten Commandments in the Animal World, Doubleday (1923)
Animals, The Nature Library, Doubleday (Color Plates) (1926)
Lobo, Rag, and Vixen (The Scribner Series of School Reading), Scribners, 147 pp. (1927)
Old Silver Grizzly, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Raggylug and Other Stories, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Chink and Other Stories, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Foam The Razorback, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Johnny Bear and Other Stories, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Lobo and Other Stories, Hodder (London) (ca. 1927)
Animals Worth Knowing, (As Above), The Little Nature Library, Doubleday (No Color Plates) (1928)
1925-1928 Lives of Game Animals (4 Volumes), Doubleday
Blazes on The Trail, Little Peegno Press (3 Pamphlets): Life Craft or Woodcraft; Rise of the Woodcraft Indians; Spartans of the West (1928)
Krag, The Kootenay Ram and Other Stories, University of London Press (1929)
Katug the snow child (1929)
Billy the Dog That Made Good, Hodder (London) (1930)
Cute Coyote and Other Stories, Hodder (London) (1930)
Lobo, Bingo, The Pacing Mustang (1930)
Famous Animal Stories (1932)
Animals Worth Knowing (1934)
Johnny Bear, Lobo and Other Stories, (Modern Standard Authors) Scribners (1935)
The Gospel of the Redman, with Julia Seton, Doubleday (1936)
Biography of An Arctic Fox, Appleton-Century (1937)
Great Historic Animals, Scribners (1937)
Mainly About Wolves (Same as above), Methuen (London) (1937)
Pictographs of the Old Southwest, with other authors, Cedar Rapids (1937)
Buffalo Wind, Private printing of 200 (1938)
Trail and Camp-Fire Stories (1940)
Trail of an Artist-Naturalist: The Autobiography of Ernest Thompson Seton, Scribners (1940)
Santanna, The Hero Dog of France, Limited printing of 500 copies with 300 autographed, Phoenix Press (1945)
The Best of Ernest Thompson Seton (1949)
Ernest Thompson Seton's America; Selections of the writings of the artist-naturalist. New York: Devin-Adair Co. 413 pages Edited with an intro by Farida A. Wiley (1954)
Animal Tracks and Hunter Signs (1958)
The Gospel of the Redman; with Julia M. Seton, Santa Fe NM; Seton Village (1958)
The Worlds of Ernest Thompson Seton. (Edited, with introduction and commentary, by John G. Samson). New York: Knopf. 204 pp. (1976)

References

^ Rowan, Edward L (2005). To Do My Best: James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America. Las Vegas International Scouting Museum. ISBN 0-9746479-1-8.
^ "Woodcraft League Histories". Ernest Thompson Seton Institute. http://www.etsetoninstitute.org/WOODCRFT.HTM. Retrieved 11 July 2006.
^ Scott, David C. (2006). "The Origins of BSA's 1910 Handbook". International Scouting Collectors Association Journal (ISCA Journal) 6 (4): 6–13.
^ "Traditional Scouting". American Traditional Scouting. http://www.inquiry.net/traditional/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-18.
^ Scott, David C. (June 2006). "Ernest Thompson Seton and BSA - The Partnership Collapse of 1915". International Scouting Collectors Association 6 (2): 10–16.
^ Carson, Gerald. February 1971. "T.R. and the 'nature fakers'". American Heritage Magazine. Volume 22, Issue 2.
^ 1938-1942 Santa Fe". Retrieved on December 29, 2008.
^ Pamela Cottier Forcey, daughter of Anya. The Chief: Ernest Thompson Seton and the Changing West, H. Allen Anderson
^ Grimm, Julie Ann (2005). "Seton Castle destroyed by fire". Santa Fe New Mexican.com. http://www.freenewmexican.com/news/35086.html. Retrieved 2007-07-18.

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Persondata
NAME	Ernest Thompson Seton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Author, founder of the Woodcraft Indians, and founding pioneer of the Boy Scouts of America
DATE OF BIRTH	August 14, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH	South Shields, County Durham, England
DATE OF DEATH	October 23, 1946
PLACE OF DEATH	Seton Village, New Mexico

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