Erythema ab igne: Definition from Answers.com

Erythema ab igne
Classification and external resources
Erythema ab igne in a person with chronic abdominal pain who found some relief from the application of heat.
ICD-10	L 59.0
ICD-9	692.82
DiseasesDB	4438
eMedicine	derm/130

Erythema ab igne (EAI, also known as hot water bottle rash,^[1] fire stains,^[2] laptop thigh, and toasted skin syndrome^[2]) is a skin condition caused by long-term exposure to heat (infrared radiation). Overexposure to heat causes a mild red rash that might be described as "blotchy". Prolonged and repeated exposure causes a marked redness and colouring of the skin. Some people may complain of mild itchiness and a burning sensation, but often, unless a change in pigmentation is seen, it can go unnoticed.

It was once commonly seen in the elderly who stood or sat closely to open fires or electric heaters. Although wide use of central heating has reduced the incidence, it is still sometimes found in people exposed to heat from other sources such as heating pads, hot water bottles, and laptops. The term is derived from Latin and means "redness from fire".^[3]

Contents

1 Causes
2 Treatment
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Causes

Different types of heat sources can cause this condition such as:

Repeated application of hot water bottles or heat pads to treat chronic pain--e.g., chronic backache
Repeated exposure to car heaters, or furniture with built-in heaters
Occupational hazards of silversmiths and jewellers (face exposed to heat), bakers and chefs (arms)
Resting a laptop computer on the thigh. The temperature can reach 44°C, or higher if this blocks the ventilation fan. At least 10 cases were reported between 2004 and 2010, usually the left leg.^[4]
It may also be seen in people with hypothyroidism or lymphoedema

reticulated, interlacing, hyperpigmented patches with a few, scattered, erythematous macules at junctions on the medial aspects of the lower legs

Treatment

The source of heat must be removed. If the area is only mildly affected with slight redness, the condition may resolve itself in a few months. If the condition is severe and the skin pigmented and atrophic, resolution is unlikely. In this case, there is a possibility that squamous cell carcinomas may form. If there is a persistent sore that does not heal or a growing lump within the rash, a skin biopsy should be performed to rule out the possibility of skin cancer. Abnormally pigmented skin may persist for years. Treatment with topical tretinoin or laser may improve the appearance.

References

^ Rudolph CM, Soyer HP, Wolf P, Kerl H (February 1998). "Hot-water-bottle rash: not only a sign of chronic pancreatitis". Lancet 351 (9103): 677. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78465-8. PMID 9500360.
^ ^a ^b Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. Chapter87. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
^ Beleznay K, Humphrey S, Au S (March 2010). "Erythema ab igne". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l'Association Medicale Canadienne 182 (5): E228. doi:10.1503/cmaj.081216. PMC 2842847. PMID 20159900. http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=20159900.
^ "Skin damage linked with laptops". NHS Choices. 5 October 2010. http://www.nhs.uk/news/2010/10October/Pages/Skin-damage-linked-with-laptop-use.aspx. Retrieved 7 January 2012.

Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology

Growths

Epidermal	wart callus seborrheic keratosis acrochordon molluscum contagiosum actinic keratosis squamous cell carcinoma basal cell carcinoma merkel cell carcinoma nevus sebaceous trichoepithelioma

Pigmented	Freckles lentigo melasma nevus melanoma

Dermal and subcutaneous	epidermal inclusion cyst hemangioma dermatofibroma keloid lipoma neurofibroma xanthoma Kaposi's sarcoma infantile digital fibromatosis granular cell tumor leiomyoma lymphangioma circumscriptum myxoid cyst

Rashes

With
epidermal
involvement

Eczematous	contact dermatitis atopic dermatitis seborrheic dermatitis stasis dermatitis lichen simplex chronicus Darier's disease glucagonoma syndrome langerhans cell histiocytosis lichen sclerosus pemphigus foliaceus Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Zinc deficiency

Scaling	psoriasis tinea (corporis cruris pedis manuum faciei) pityriasis rosea secondary syphillis mycosis fungoides systemic lupus erythematosus pityriasis rubra pilaris parapsoriasis ichthyosis

Blistering	herpes simplex herpes zoster varicella bullous impetigo acute contact dermatitis pemphigus vulgaris bullous pemphigoid dermatitis herpetiformis porphyria cutanea tarda epidermolysis bullosa simplex

Papular	scabies insect bite reactions lichen planus miliaria keratosis pilaris lichen spinulosus transient acantholytic dermatosis lichen nitidus pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta

Pustular	acne vulgaris acne rosacea folliculitis impetigo candidiasis gonococcemia dermatophyte coccidioidomycosis subcorneal pustular dermatosis

Hypopigmented	tinea versicolor vitiligo pityriasis alba postinflammatory hyperpigmentation tuberous sclerosis idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis leprosy hypopigmented mycosis fungoides

Without
epidermal
involvement

Red

Blanchable
Erythema

Generalized	drug eruptions viral exanthems toxic erythema systemic lupus erythematosus

Localized	cellulitis abscess boil erythema nodosum carcinoid syndrome fixed drug eruption

Specialized	urticaria erythema (multiforme migrans gyratum repens annulare centrifugum ab igne)

Nonblanchable
Purpura

Macular	thrombocytopenic purpura actinic purpura

Papular	disseminated intravascular coagulation vasculitis

Indurated

Miscellaneous
disorders

Ulcers

Hair	telogen effluvium androgenic alopecia trichotillomania alopecia areata systemic lupus erythematosus tinea capitis loose anagen syndrome lichen planopilaris folliculitis decalvans acne keloidalis nuchae

Nail	onychomycosis psoriasis paronychia ingrown nail

Mucous membrane	aphthous stomatitis oral candidiasis lichen planus leukoplakia pemphigus vulgaris mucous membrane pemphigoid cicatricial pemphigoid herpesvirus coxsackievirus syphilis systemic histoplasmosis squamous cell carcinoma

Radiation-related disorders / Photodermatosis (L55–L59, 692.7)

Ultraviolet/ionizing

Sunburn · Phytophotodermatitis · Solar urticaria · Polymorphous light eruption (Benign summer light eruption, Juvenile spring eruption, Acne aestivalis) · Hydroa vacciniforme

Solar erythema

Nonionizing

Actinic rays: Actinic keratosis (Atrophic actinic keratosis · Hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis · Lichenoid actinic keratosis · Pigmented actinic keratosis) · Actinic cheilitis · Actinic granuloma • Actinic prurigo • Chronic actinic dermatitis

Infrared/heat: Erythema ab igne (Kangri ulcer • Kairo cancer • Kang cancer • Peat fire cancer )

Cutis rhomboidalis nuchae · Poikiloderma of Civatte

Other/ungrouped

Radiation dermatitis (Acute radiodermatitis, Chronic radiodermatitis) · Favre–Racouchot syndrome

Photoaging • Photosensitivity with HIV infection • Phototoxic tar dermatitis • Phytophotodermatitis

M: INT, SF, LCT

anat/phys/devp

noco(i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr(n/e/d), sysi/epon

proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)

External links

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Erythema ab igne

erythema ca·lo·ri·cum

Erythema ab igne

Erythema ab igne

Causes

Treatment

See also

References

External links