Yeah it's estoppel, whether it be collateral estoppel or any other estoppel, it is estoppel, although estoppel and double jeopardy are synonymous. In civil matter, it's called "res judicata". That's civil double jeopardy. A case dismissed with prejudice or found that the defendant is liable will result in res judicata.

The estoppel certificate is typically signed by the party who is providing the certificate. For example, if a tenant is providing the estoppel certificate to a landlord, the tenant would sign the certificate.

you do!

Estoppel by representation occurs when one party makes a false statement or representation that another party relies on to their detriment. Estoppel by negligence, on the other hand, arises when a party fails to exercise due diligence or care in a situation and the other party suffers harm as a result. In estoppel by negligence, the focus is on the negligent actions or inactions of the party rather than a deliberate misrepresentation.

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