The Europe-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EU-MEFTA) is based on the Barcelona Process and European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The Barcelona Process, developed after the Barcelona Conference in successive annual meetings, is a set of goals designed to lead to a free trade area in the Middle East by 2010.
It is envisioned that an FTA with Rules of Origin with Pan-Euro-Mediterranean cumulation will be created. It will cover the EU, the EFTA, the EU customs unions with third states (Turkey, Andorra, San Marino), the EU candidate states, the partners of the Barcelona Process and possibly at a later stage all of the European Neighbourhood Policy partners. [1].
The Agadir Agreement of 2004 (FTA between Jordan, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt) is seen as its first building block. Further steps are envisioned into the ENP Action plans negotiated between the European Union and the partner states on the southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
The initial aim is to create a matrix of Free Trade Agreements between each of the partners and the others. Then a single free trade area is to be formed, including the European Union.
The Agadir Agreement is seen also as a stepping stone to the formation of a Great Arab Free Trade Area [2]. The Arab League has recently announced that the Agadir organization is expected to include all 22 Arab Members by 2015, and expects the Arab League to become a powerful economic organization by 2025.[citation needed]
As of 1 January 2005, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) came into existence, consisting of most members of the Arab League. This organization essentially supersedes the Agadir Agreement and achieves the initial aims of the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area by effectively creating a free trade agreement between most Arab Maghreb states along with most of the Middle East.
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Partners
Prospective partners
- Syria
- Libya (member of the Arab Maghreb Union)
- Gulf Cooperation Council
- Iraq
- Mauritania (member of the Arab Maghreb Union)
FTA Progress
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| EU | FTA 1973 | CU 1996 | AA 2000 | AA 2005 | AA 1998 | AA 2004 | AA 2002 | AA 2006 | AA | AA 2000 | AA 1997 | FTA | |||||
| EFTA | FTA 1973 | FTA 1992 | FTA 1999 | FTA 2005 | FTA 2002 | FTA 2005 | FTA 1993 | FTA 1999 | |||||||||
| Turkey CU | CU 1996 | FTA 1992 | ? | FTA 2005 | FTA 2006 | ? | ? | ? | FTA 1997 | FTA 2005 | |||||||
| Morocco | AA 2000 | FTA 1999 | ? | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | ||||
| Algeria | AA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | ||||||
| Tunisia | AA 1998 | FTA 2005 | FTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | ||||
| Egypt | AA 2004 | FTA 2006 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | |||||
| Jordan | AA 2002 | FTA 2002 | ? | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | ||||
| Lebanon | AA 2006 | FTA 2005 | ? | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | FTA 2002, GAFTA 2005 | ||||
| Syria | AA | ? | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | |||||
| Israel | AA 2000 | FTA 1993 | FTA 1997 | CU 1994 | |||||||||||||
| PA | AA 1997 | FTA 1999 | FTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | CU 1994 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | |||
| Libya | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | |||||||
| GCC | FTA | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | ||||||
| Mauritania | |||||||||||||||||
| Iraq | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | FTA 2002, GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | GAFTA 2005 | |||||||
| SADR | |||||||||||||||||
instrument and year of entry into force instrument and year of provisional entry into force in negotiations no diplomatic relations with Israel or SADR
See also
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