The difference between Japanese Shinkansens and European High Speed Trains is that the European High Speed Trains make use of European EC Directive 96/48 while the Japanese Shinkansens use an ATC (Automatic Train Control) system.

A balise is a beacon that is used on a train control system. This balise acts as a transponder between rails. This is primarily used for safety rationale to make sure that train accidents are prevented.

Define and Control Interfaces

by the train system

Train timetables are both accessible in local train station and in their online services. In Europe there is a so called European timetables available for European people.