An explosion crater is a characteristically shaped hole formed when material is ejected from the surface of the ground by an explosive event just above, at, or below the surface.
A crater is formed by an explosive event through the displacement and ejection of material from the ground. It is typically bowl-shaped. High pressure gas and pressure waves are responsible for the creation of the crater by three processes
- plastic deformation of the ground
- projection of material (ejecta) from the ground by the expansion of gases in the ground
- spallation of the ground surface
and two processes partially fill it back in
- fall-back of ejecta
- erosion and landslides of the crater lip and wall [1]
The relative importance of the five processes varies depending on the height above or depth below the ground surface at which the explosion occurs, and the material composing the ground.
References
- ^ P. W. Cooper Explosives Engineering Wiley-VCH ISBN 0-471-18636-8
See also
- Maar, an often flooded crater caused by volcanic explosion
- Subsidence crater, a depression in the ground formed by collapse of a void below the surface
- Impact crater, a depression formed by excavation following a hypervelocity impact
- Pseudocrater, a volcanic crater formed by a steam explosion
 |
This explosives-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
