extraction

(ĭk-străk'shən)
n.

1. The act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.
2. Something obtained by extracting; an extract.
3. Origin; lineage: of Spanish extraction.

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A method of separating the constituents of a mixture utilizing preferential solubility of one or more components in a second phase. Commonly, this added second phase is a liquid, while the mixture to be separated may be either solid or liquid. If the starting mixture is a liquid, then the added solvent must be immiscible or only partially miscible with the original and of such a nature that the components to be separated have different relative solubilities in the two liquid phases.

Solvent extraction processes can be divided into two broad categories according to the origins of the differential solubility. On the one hand, it arises from purely physical differences between the two solutes, such as polarity, while in other cases it can be traced to definite chemical interaction between solute and solvent. Categories of major importance for the latter cases are ion-association systems and chelate compounds.

Liquid/solid extraction may be considered as the dissolving of one or more components in a solid matrix by simple solution, or by the formation of a soluble form by chemical reaction. The largest use of liquid/solid extraction is in the extractive metallurgical, vegetable oil, and sugar industries. The field may be subdivided into the following categories: leaching, washing extraction, and diffusional extraction. Leaching involves the contacting of a liquid and a solid (usually an ore) and the imposing of a chemical reaction upon one or more substances in the solid matrix so as to render them soluble. In washing extraction the solid is crushed to break the cell walls, permitting the valuable soluble product to be washed from the matrix. In diffusional extraction the soluble product diffuses across the denatured cell walls (no crushing involved) and is washed out of the solid.

Liquid/liquid extraction separates the components of a homogeneous liquid mixture on the basis of differing solubility in another liquid phase. Because it depends on differences in chemical potential, liquid/liquid extraction is more sensitive to chemical type than to molecular size. This makes it complementary to distillation as a separation technique. One of the first large-scale uses was in the petroleum industry for the separation of aromatic from aliphatic compounds. Liquid/liquid extraction also has found application for many years in the coal tar industry. On a smaller scale, extraction is a key process in the pharmaceutical industry for recovery of antibiotics from fermentation broths, in the recovery and separation of vitamins, and for the production of alkaloids from natural products. See also Chemical separation techniques.

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noun

One's ancestors or their character or one's ancestral derivation: ancestry, birth, blood, bloodline, descent, family, genealogy, line, lineage, origin, parentage, pedigree, seed, stock. See kin, precede/follow.

n

Definition: removal from whole; distillation
Antonyms: addition, insertion, introduction

The process follows:

1. Take a botanical or other flavor-rich source and grind to a fine mesh size. This is known as comminuting.
   
2. Apply a solvent selected for solubilizing a specific profile of ingredients from the source material.
   
3. Let the system steep, percolate, or mix in the solvent for a given time. This process is called maceration. Heat can be used.
   
4. The liquid is then removed and the solvent is discarded, recovered for future use, or replaced with a different solvent.
   
5. The subsequent extract (noun) is then tested, standardized, and/or diluted for use. If an oleoresin or similar oil-phase result were desired, ethylene dichloride, acetone, hexane, or methylene chloride would be used. These must be removed and cannot have a residue of greater than 20 ppm. If more polar solvents are used like alcohol, proylene glycol, glycerine, isopropyl alcohol, water, or a combination thereof are used, the results would generate a solid or fluid extract as two examples. The FDA specifically defines vanilla extract. It is the only flavor so regulated.
   

See Absolute, Concrete, Chart 183.

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1. the act or process of extracting.
2. something that has been extracted. Compare extract (def. 2).

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1. the process or act of pulling or drawing out.
2. the preparation of an extract.

• breech e. — extraction of a fetus from the uterus in cases of breech presentation.
• flap e. — removal of a cataract by making a flap in the cornea.
• e. forceps — concave beaks to grasp teeth.
• vacuum e. — removal of the contents of a body cavity by application of a vacuum.

n

The removal of a tooth from the oral cavity by means of elevators and/or forceps.

For a list of words related to extraction, see:

• Mining - extraction: removal or separation of mineral from ore
• Procedures - extraction: removal of broken or diseased tooth by dental surgery
• Kinship and Ancestry - extraction: ancestry; descent or lineage

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See words rhyming with "extraction."

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - udtræk, uddragning, udtrækning, afstamning

Nederlands (Dutch)
winning, afkomst, het uittrekken, extractie

Français (French)
n. - extraction, (Dent) arrachement, origine

Deutsch (German)
n. - Herausziehen, Entfernen, Gewinnung, Herkunft

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - εξαγωγή, βγάλσιμο, έκθλιψη, απόσπαση, απομάκρυνση (από το κύριο σώμα), απόσταξη, καταγωγή, προέλευση (κν. φύτρα, ρίζα)

Italiano (Italian)
estrazione, origine

Português (Portuguese)
n. - extração (f)

Русский (Russian)
извлечение, удаление, экстракция, происхождение

Español (Spanish)
n. - extracción, origen

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - utdragning, extraktion

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
抽出, 抽出物, 取出

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 抽出, 抽出物, 取出

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 뽑아내기, 발췌, 혈통

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 引き出すこと, 抽出, 摘出, 血統, 引き抜き, 抜粋, 引用

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) استخلاص, اقتلاع‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮עקירה, הוצאה, ייחוס, מקור, מוצא, סחיטה‬

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