(neuroscience) Descending tracts of nerve fibers arising in the cortex and subcortical motor areas of the brain.
| Sci-Tech Dictionary: extrapyramidal system |
(neuroscience) Descending tracts of nerve fibers arising in the cortex and subcortical motor areas of the brain.
| 5min Related Video: Extrapyramidal system |
| Medical Dictionary: extrapyramidal motor system |
Any of the various brain structures affecting bodily movement, excluding the motor neurons, the motor cortex, and the pyramidal tract, and including the corpus striatum, its substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, and its connections with the midbrain.
| Wikipedia: Extrapyramidal system |
| Brain: Extrapyramidal system | ||
|---|---|---|
| Medulla spinalis. (Extrapyramidal tracts are labeled "2" in red, at left.) | ||
| NeuroNames | ancil-623 | |
| MeSH | Extrapyramidal+tracts | |
In human anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a neural network located in the brain that is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement. The system is called "extrapyramidal" to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the "pyramids" of the medulla. The pyramidal pathways (corticospinal and some corticobulbar tracts) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (anterior (ventral) horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers around the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior (ventral) horn cells.
Extrapyramidal tracts are chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in the spinal cord involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the central nervous system, including the nigrostriatal pathway, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, the vestibular nuclei, and different sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. All of these regulatory components can be considered part of the extrapyramidal system, in that they modulate motor activity without directly innervating motor neurons.
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