Fairuz: Biography from Answers.com

Probably the greatest Arabic singer of modern times, Fairuz (neé Nuhad Haddad; born 1933), also known as Fayrouz, led the creation of a new musical language in the Middle East.

Fairuz was born Nuhad Haddad in 1933 in Beirut, Lebanon. She was raised in humble surroundings in the old neighborhood of Zukak el Blat in Beirut, where her father, Wadi Haddad, was a simple typesetter in a small print shop. Nuhad attended the Saint Joseph School for Girls in Beirut until the hardships of World War II forced her father to move her to a public school.

In 1947, at age 14, she was discovered by Mohammad Fleifel, one of the founders of the National Conservatory of Music in Beirut, who was in search of talent for a newly formed choral group. Fleifel was instrumental in Fairuz's admission to the National Conservatory, where she spent five years training. But perhaps his greatest contribution to her development as a singer was the instruction he gave her in the classical tradition of the tajwid, or classical chanting of Koranic verse.

Fairuz began her musical career as a member of the chorus at the Lebanese Radio Station. There Halim Al-Rumi, a composer and musical director at the radio, recognized her unique talent and made her lead soloist. He composed songs especially for her and gave her the stage name of Fairuz (turquoise) because her voice reminded him of a precious stone.

The young Fairuz met with unprecedented enthusiasm from listeners everywhere in Lebanon. This led to a meeting between her and the Rahbani brothers, Assi and Mansour, themselves rising talents as composer and lyricist, respectively. The collaboration between them at first took the form of adaptation by the Rahbanis of modern Western dance tunes into Arabic songs. This gave the team of three a certain amount of public exposure. However, the song that catapulted them into the limelight on the popular scale was not a Western dance tune but a melancholy love song entitled "Itab" (Blame) that they had recorded on November 2, 1952, at the Damascus Radio Station. What followed was a period of experimentation in a variety of musical forms. In all instances Fairuz's songs expressed artistic qualities that extended their appeal to listeners from a wide variety of social and national backgrounds.

In July 1954 Fairuz married Assi Al-Rahbani in a church wedding attended by a large crowd of adoring fans. They set up house in a villa in Antelias, a suburb of Beirut. The beautiful setting of their new home was to serve often as inspiration for many of their future songs.

Becoming an International Star

In 1955 Fairuz and Assi traveled to Egypt for the first time. Cairo, which was then the center of the Arab theater, cinema, and song, was conquered by the young Lebanese singer. Fairuz's triumph in Egypt led to many offers by celebrated Egyptian composers and filmmakers, but by then she was expecting her first child. She returned to Lebanon and gave birth to her son Ziad on January 1, 1957. She was later to have four more children, three girls and one boy. But it was Ziad who remained closest to her of all her children and who in later years wrote and composed the music for many of her songs.

In the summer of 1957 Fairuz appeared for the first time before a live audience. Until then she had been restricted to the recording studios. She sang in a musical review ("Ayam el Hissad," or "Harvest Days") before a large spellbound audience seated in the Roman ruins of the Temple of Jupiter in Baalback. This was her first appearance at the Baalback International Festival, and she was awarded the highest medal for artistic achievement there, the Cavalier, by the president of Lebanon, Camille Chamoun. Fourteen years later a stamp was issued by the government to commemorate her name.

Fairuz became one of the main attractions at the annual International Festival of Baalback, where she sang in musical plays or massrahiyaat that were written especially for her by the Rahbanis. In 1975 the 15-year civil was in Lebanon began, putting an end to the Baalback Festival, and some time later Fairuz's separation from her husband Assi ended her artistic collaboration with the Rahbani brothers.

With a reputation that had grown to include all the Arab world and the expatriate communities in Europe and the Americas, poets and composers everywhere rushed to write for Fairuz. The result was a repertoire of more than 800 songs, three feature films, and 400 LP recordings during a period of three decades. She was invited to appear in the major Arab capitals. She gave concerts in New York, San Francisco, Montreal, London, and Paris. She was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1963 and the Gold Medal in 1975 by King Hussein of Jordan. Fairuz had become a legend in her own time.

The Fairuz Legacy

The Fairuz-Rahbani artistic legacy was in tune with the social and cultural developments in Lebanon and the Middle East. The post-World War II years had begun to see the expansion of urban communities and the growing importance of Western influences on the daily lives of the people in that region. Furthermore, the growing role of the media (radio and television) and public entertainment (concert halls and theaters) led to the rise of an urban audience with new demands for entertainment. The new public was further impassioned by a nationalistic sentiment that had followed Lebanon's independence in 1943. The conviction was growing that the cultural heritage was in need of a more developed national expression suitable to the new image of the country. The music of the Rahbanis came to reinforce and project this image by combining the discoveries of contemporary Western techniques of composition with the forms, patterns, and sounds of Middle Eastern traditional music, thereby creating a modern musical language hitherto unheard in Lebanon. The context was unmistakably urban but the inspiration was folk and rural.

Fairuz's songs were a superb manifestation of this new musical expression. Her repertoire as a whole, both in text and music, was marked by innovation. It testified to her own broad musical background. She sang of love and the simple life, of love of country, and of the longing for a lost Jerusalem; she sang old bedouin chants and obscure shepherd's songs; she brought back the muashahat, a musical form first heard in the gardens of Andalusia; she interpreted the quasida and the nashid, two highly structured lyrical verse forms and, with equal success, the improvisational vocal expressions known as the mawal and meyjana. It was this special combination of lyrics, music, and vocal quality that earned Fairuz the name of "ambassador to the stars." Fairuz became a major influence on contemporary Arab music and culture.

In March 1994, at the age of 60, Fairuz performed a concert at the Olympia in London, drawing over 6000 fans. Western critics compare her to Billie Holiday and call her the "Callas of Arabia."

Fairuz
In concert (Beiteddine), 2001.
Background information
Birth name	Nouhad Haddad
Born	November 21, 1935 (1935-11-21) (age 74)
Origin	Lebanon
Genres	Arabic music, Lebanese music
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1949–present
Associated acts	Umm Kulthum Abdel Halim Hafez
Website	http://www.fairouz.com

Biography

1932-1950s - The early years

Fairuz (Nouhad Haddad) with her mother Liza al-Boustani, crossing Martyr's Square in Beirut, 1945.

Nouhad Haddad, later known as Fairuz, was born on 21 November 1932 into a Catholic Christian family.^[7] The family later moved into a home in cobblestone alley called 'Zuqaq el Blatt' in Beirut. Living in a single room of a typical Lebanese stone house facing Beirut's Patriarchate school, they shared a kitchen with the neighbours. Her father, Wadi', worked as a typesetter in a nearby print shop^[8] and Lisa, her mother, stayed home and took care of her four children, Nouhad, Youssef, Hoda and Amal.

Nouhad was a shy child and did not have many friends at school. However, she was greatly attached to her grandmother who lived in Debbieh (Shuf area), where Nouhad used to spend the summer. Nouhad adored the simple village life. During the day, she helped her grandmother with house chores and fetched fresh water from a nearby water spring. She used to sing all the way to the spring and back. In the evening, Nouhad used to sit by the candle light with her grandmother who used to tell her stories from her voyage to the United States.

Fairuz in 1946.

By the age of ten, Nouhad was already well known at her school for her beautiful voice. Legend goes that Fairuz's parents were said to be too poor to afford a radio, so young Nouhad spent her evenings listening to her neighbours' radio through the thin walls, thereby developing her amazing musical ear. She would regularly sing during school festivals and holidays. This is how she came to the attention of Mohammed Fleyfel, a well known Lebanese musician and teacher at the Lebanese Conservatory, who happened to attend one of the school's celebrations in February 1950. He was greatly impressed by her voice and performance and advised her to enroll in the conservatory, which she did. At first, Nouhad's conservative father was reluctant to send his daughter to the conservatory; however, he allowed Nouhad to attend classes at the conservatory on one condition, that her brother accompany her. Nouhad's family encouraged her even though they could not afford much, and one day her father surprised her with a radio.

Fleyfel cared for Nouhad's voice in a fatherly way. Additionally, he taught her verses recitation from the Quran (Recitative style known as Tajweed). One day, prominent Lebanese musician and head of the music department at the Lebanese Radio Station, Halim El Roumi (the father of famous Lebanese singer Majida El Roumi) happened to hear Nouhad sing. He was deeply impressed by her voice and noticed that it had a rare flexibility that allowed her to sing both oriental and western modes admirably. At Nouhad's request, El Roumi appointed her as a chorus singer at the radio station in Beirut and composed several songs for her. He chose for her the name Fairuz, which is the Arabic word for turquoise.

Fairuz and Assi Rahbani on their wedding day surrounded by members of their families, 1955.

A couple of months later, Fairuz was introduced to the Rahbani brothers, Assi and Mansour, who also worked at the radio station as musicians. The chemistry was instant, and soon after, Assi started to compose songs for Fairouz, one of which was 'Itab (the third song he composed for her), which was an immediate smash hit in all of the Arab world, establishing Fairuz as one of the most prominent Arab singers on the Arabic music scene. Assi and Fairuz were married on January the 23rd 1955 ^[9], and Fairuz then converted to Greek Orthodoxy (Assi's sect).

Fairuz had four children: Ziad, a musician and a composer, Layal (died in 1987 of a brain stroke), Hali (paralysed since early childhood after meningitis) and Rima, a photographer and film director.

Fairuz's first large-scale concert took place in 1957 as part of the Baalbeck International Festival (where she was paid 1 Lebanese Pound only, and performed alongside the British prima ballerina Beryl Goldwyn), sponsored by Lebanese president Camille Chamoun. Musical operettas and sold-out concerts followed for years, establishing Fairuz as Lebanon's most beloved singer, and as one of the Arab world's most popular singers.

1960s - The establishment of a new star

Fairuz became the "First Lady of Lebanese singing" (Halim el Roumi) during the 1960s. At that period the Rahbani brothers had written and composed for her hundreds of famous songs, most of their operettas, and 3 motion pictures. In 1969, as popular as it was, Fairuz’s music was banned from radio stations in Lebanon for six months by order of the Lebanese government because she refused to sing at a private concert in the honor of the Algerian president Houari Boumédienne during his visit to Lebanon. Despite that, Fairuz's popularity soared even higher. Fairuz made it clear that she would not sing to any one individual, neither king nor president, but she would always sing to the people.

1970s - International fame and the Lebanese Civil War

In 1971, Fairuz's fame became international after her major North American tour, which was received with much excitement by the Arab-American and American community and yielded very positive reviews of the concerts.

On September 22, 1972, Assi suffered a brain hemorrhage and was rushed to the hospital. Fans crowded outside the hospital praying for him and lighting candles. After three surgeries, Assi's brain hemorrhage was halted. Ziad Rahbani, the eldest son of Fairuz and Assi, at age 16, gave his mother the music of one of his unreleased songs "Akhadou el Helween" (that he had composed to be sung by Marwan Mahfouz in "Sahriyyi" Ziad's first play) and his uncle Mansour Rahbani re-wrote new lyrics for it to be called "Saalouni n'Nass" (The People Asked Me) which talked about Fayrouz being on stage for the first time without Assi. Three months after suffering the hemorrhage, Assi attended the premiere performance of that musical "Al Mahatta" in Piccadilly Theatre in Hamra Street. Elias Rahbani, Assi's younger brother, took over the orchestration and musical arrangement for the performance.

Within a year, Assi had returned to composing and writing with his brother. They continued to produce musicals, which became increasingly political in nature. After the Lebanese Civil War erupted, the brothers continued to use political satire and sharp criticism in their plays. In 1977, their musical "Petra" was shown in both the Muslim western and Christian eastern portions of Beirut.

In 1978, the trio toured Europe and the Persian Gulf nations, including a concert at the Paris Olympia. As a result of this busy schedule, Assi’s medical and mental health began to deteriorate. Fairuz and the brothers agreed to end their professional and personal relationship in 1979. Fairuz began to work with a production team helmed by her son, Ziad Rahbani, and Assi and Mansour composed for other artists such as Ronza.

During the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), Fairuz never left Lebanon to live abroad and did not hold any concerts there with the exception of the stage performance of the operetta "Petra", which was performed in both the Western and Eastern parts of the then-divided Beirut in 1978. However, during that time period, Fairuz held many very successful and record-breaking concerts and tours in numerous countries around the world.^[10]

She made her first European TV appearance on French TV on May 24, 1979, in a "Carpentier special show" called "Numero 1" dedicated to French star Mireille Mathieu. She sang one of her big hits "Habaytak Bil Saif" and was thanked and embraced after performing it by Mireille Mathieu.

1980s - A new production team

After the artistic divorce between Fairouz and the Rahbani Brothers in 1979, Fairuz carried on with her son, composer Ziad Rahbani, his friend the lyricist Joseph Harb, and composer Philemon Wehbe. Together, Fairouz and Ziad forged new albums that yielded tremendous success reinforcing Fairouz's and the Rahbani's art as evolving art. Fairouz's works with Philimone Wehbe and Zaki Nassif in the 1980s and 1990s were a very repetitive retro style of singing which yielded no musical richness and which were more or less a failure.^{[citation needed]} Philimone Wehbe, a very tradiional composer, had composed songs for Fairouz but under the direction and supervision of Assi Rahbani, and so the music of Philimone working alone with fairouz were not up to par. it proved that all: Fairouz, Philimone Wehbe, and Mansour Rahbani were quite mediocre without Assi Rahbani. Only when working with Ziad Rahbani, Fairouz is able to keep the standard of the work she and her husband achieved. Fairouz also attempted to fill the void of Assi Rahbani by singing for Riyad Al Sunbatti, an Egyptian composer who composed Um Kulthum's main songs. These are unlikely to be released.

This success was yet again prominent all over the world and Fairuz made yet again her second and final European Television appearance on French TV on the 13th of October 1988 in a popular show called "Du côté de chez Fred". Fairuz who had scheduled a concert at the POPB of Paris Bercy concert hall three days later on the 16th of October was the main guest of French TV presenter Frédéric Mitterrand, today France's Minister of Culture (2009). This show is to this day considered to be a very rare and exciting archive showing the Lebanese Diva's rehearsals for her concert at Bercy in addition to the ceremony featuring the then French Minister of Culture Jack Lang awarding Fairuz the medal of "Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres" and a video montage of her previous movies and concerts. In that show, Fairuz also sang the three songs "Ya hourrié", "Yara" and "Zaali tawwal".

1990s-present

Excerpt from the cantata "Ihtarif El-Huzn Wal Intizar"

A music sample of Fairuz's voice; recorded for the Jordanian radio station (1969)

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

In the 1990s, Fairuz produced six albums (two Philemon Wehbe tributes with unreleased tracks included, a Zaki Nassif album, three Ziad Rahbani albums, and a tribute album to Assi Rahbani orchestrated by Ziad) and held a number of large-scale concerts, most notably the historic concert held at Beirut's Martyr's Square in September, 1994 to launch the rebirth of the downtown district that was ravaged by the civil war. She appeared at the Baalbeck International Festival in 1998 after 25 years of self imposed absence where she performed the highlights of three very successful plays that were presented in the 1960s and 1970s.

She also performed a concert at the Las Vegas MGM Grand Arena in 1999 which was attended by over 16,000 Lebanese spectators. Ever since, Fairuz has held sold out concerts at the Beiteddine International Festival (Lebanon) from 2000 to 2003, Paris (2002), the United States (2003), Amman (2004), Montreal (2005), Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Baalbeck, BIEL (2006), Athens, Amman (2007) Damascus, and Bahrain (2008).

Fairuz now works exclusively with her composer son Ziad.

Her latest album, Wala Keef, was released in 2002.

Her 2008 performance in Damascus caused considerable controversy in Lebanon, given the tense relationship between Lebanon and Syria. Several members of parliament publicly asked her to cancel the concert. She went to Syria where she was received by a crowd of 7000 fans, screaming her name at the borders, as her car passed into Syrian grounds. Mosques and prayers on radio were all held back as Fairouz's songs played day and night through almost every media outlet in the Syrian nation. Radio channels, TV channels, the Syrian satellite broadcasters, restaurants and cafes, and newspapers were all focused on Fairouz's legendary return after 20 years absence. However big this controversy was, it seems it has not affected her popularity in Lebanon as she held the Orthodox Good Friday Prayer Mass in West Beirut as hundreds and hundreds crowded the church premises.

Live concerts

Fairuz has performed once or more in each of many countries around the globe including Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, The United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, France, The United Kingdom, Switzerland, Greece, Canada, The United States of America, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and of course, her very own Lebanon.

Fairuz has performed in many venues such as the Royal Albert Hall in London in 1962, the New York Carnegie Hall in 1971, the London Palladium in 1978, L'Olympia de Paris in 1979, London's Royal Festival Hall in 1986, the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles (1971, 1981, and 2003), the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C. (1981 and 1987) among many others (for the complete concert chronology, see Fairuz Concerts).

Fairuz has yielded record-breaking performances in almost every concert she has held around the world. Fairuz, Assi, and Mansour have become the most famous and dominant music production phenomenon in the Arab world, and their music has spread beyond the Arab world to Europe, the Americas, and Australia.

Of Fairuz's numerous concerts, few are officially released. They are the Damascus 1960, Olympia 1979 concert (audio and video released in the 80's), USA tour 1981, Jarash 1983, Royal Festival Hall London 1986, USA tour 1987, Baalbek 1998 (Video), Las Vegas 1999 concert (on DVD with make over and rehearsals), Beiteddine 2000 and Dubai 2001 (on DVD, it includes parts from concerts in 1997 and 2002 as well as rehearsals from 2001 and 2002 concerts, released May 2008). Pirated versions of other concerts exist: Kuwait 1966, Syria and Egypt 1976, Olympia 1979, Australia 1984, Syria 1985, Bahrain 1987, France 1988, Kuwait1989, Cairo 1989, London 1994, Beirut 1994, and parts of the four Beiteddine concerts (2000-2003), Parts of Dubai concerts (1990-2006), Paris 2002, Amman 2004, Canada 2005, parts of the play Sah Ennawm which was performed in Beirut (2006), Athens 2007 and Bahrain 2008.

Theatrical works

Musical plays or operettas were the cornerstone works of the Rahbani Trio, Fairuz, Assi and Mansour. The Rahbani Brothers produced 25 popular musical plays (20 with Fairuz) over a period of more than 30 years. They were possibly the first to produce world-class Arabic musical theatre.

The musicals combined storyline, lyrics and dialogue, musical composition varying widely from Lebanese folkloric and rhythmic modes to classical, westernized, and oriental songs, orchestration, and the voice and acting of Fairuz. She played the lead roles alongside singers/actors Nasri Shamseddine, Wadih El Safi, Antoine Kerbaje, Elie Shouayri (Chouayri), Hoda (Fairuz's younger sister), William Haswani, Raja Badr, Siham Chammas (Shammas), Georgette Sayegh and many others.

The Rahbani plays expressed patriotism, unrequited love and nostalgia for village life, comedy, drama, philosophy, and contemporary politics. The songs performed by Fairuz as part of the plays have become immensely popular among the Lebanese and Arabs around the world.

The Fairuz-Rahbani collaboration produced the following musicals (in chronological order):

Ayyam al Hassad (Days of Harvest - 1957)

Al 'Urs fi l’Qarya (The Wedding in the Village - 1959)

Al Ba'albakiya (The Girl from Baalbek) - 1961)

Jisr el Amar] (Bridge of the Moon - 1962)

Awdet el 'Askar (The Return of the Soldiers - 1962)

Al Layl wal Qandil] (The Night and the Lantern - 1963)

Biyya'el Khawatem (Rings for Sale - 1964)

Ayyam Fakhreddine (The Days of Fakhreddine - 1966)

Hala wal Malik (Hala and the King - 1967)

Ach Chakhs (The Person - 1968-1969)

Jibal Al Sawwan (Sawwan Mountains - 1969)

Ya'ich Ya'ich (Long Live, Long Live - 1970)

Sah Ennawm (Did you sleep well? - 1970-1971 - 2007-2008)

Nass min Wara' (People Made out of Paper - 1971-1972)

Natourit al Mafatih (The Guardian of the Keys - 1972)

Al Mahatta (The Station - 1973)

Loulou - 1974

Mais el Reem (The Deer's Meadow - 1975)

Petra - 1977-1978

Elissa - 1979 (Never performed due to the separation of Fairuz and Assi)

Habayeb Zaman - 1979 (Never performed due to the separation of Fairuz and Assi)

Most of the musical plays were recorded and video-taped. Eighteen of them have been officially released on audio CD, two on DVD (Mais el Reem and Loulou). A pirated version of Petra and one pirated live version of Mais el Reem in black and white exist. Ayyam al Hassad (Days of Harvest) was never recorded and Al 'Urs fi l’Qarya (The Marriage in the Village) has not yet been released (yet a pirated audio record is available).

Discography

Main article: Fairuz discography

Fairuz possesses a large repertoire of around 1500 songs out of which nearly just 800 have been released. She has also been offered prestigious awards and titles over the years (see Fairuz Awards and Recognitions).

Around 85 Fairuz CDs, vinyls and cassettes have been officially released so far. Most of the songs that are featured on these albums were composed by the Rahbani brothers. Also featured are songs by Philemon Wehbe, Ziad Rahbani, Zaki Nassif, Mohamed Abd El Wahab, Najib Hankash and Mohamed Mohsen.

Many of Fairuz's numerous unreleased works date back to the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s and were composed by the Rahbani Brothers (certain unreleased songs, the oldest of all, are by Halim el Roumi). A Fairuz album composed by Egyptian musician Riad Al Sunbati (who has worked with Umm Kulthum) was produced in the 1980s which are unlikely to be released because they deviate so much from Fairouz's lifetime work with Assi Rahbani. There are also fifteen unreleased songs composed by Philemon Wehbe, which will also not see light as Fairouz was never wholly convinced with Philimon's works in the 1980s when he worked alone without direct supervision from the Rahbanis, and 24 unreleased songs composed by Ziad Rahbani in the 80's.

Fairuz has also released an album on Folkways Records, entitled Lebanon: The Baalbek Folk Festival.

Filmography

Films

Fairuz and the Rahbanis have also had their share of movie production. They produced three films,

Biyaa El Khawatem (The Ring Salesman) in 1965 (based on the musical),
Safar Barlek (The Exile) in 1967,
Bint El Haress (The Guardian’s Daughter) in 1968.

The three films drew large audiences across the Arab world, world theatres, and further introduced Fairuz to the Arab and world audience. These films are released for sale.

Television

Lebanese Television has featured appearances by Fairuz in the following television programmes:

Al Iswari (The Bracelet)
Day'it El Aghani (Village of Songs)
Layali As'Saad (Nights of Happiness)
Al Quds fil Bal (Jerusalem in my Heart)
Dafater El Layl (Night Memoirs)
Maa Al Hikayat (With Stories)
Sahret Hobb (Oriental Evening)
Qasidat Hobb (A Love Poem), also presented as a musical show in Baalbeck in 1973

Other television programmes have been recorded for Syrian TV, though neither these nor the ones mentioned above are released for sale.

Documentaries

Fairuz in America - 1971
Fairuz - 1998
Alone They Remain - 1998
Arrab El Maw’ed (Time is Upon Us - 1999)
We Loved Each Other So Much (We Hielden Zoveel Van Mekaar) - 2003
Kanit 7kayi - It was a story an interview with Fairuz with clippings of Interviews with Assi for his 23 years memorial - 2009

References

^ http://www.fairouz.com/fairouz/tribute/fb.html
^ ^a ^b "Lebanese diva Fairuz's concert delights Syrian fans". Agence France-Presse. January 28, 2009. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gcai-V_hhTYTsU6-3wNqP2w-H_JQ. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
^ Khaled Yacoub (January 28, 2008). "Lebanese diva arouses emotion, controversy in Syria". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL2874028520080128?feedType=RSS&feedName=entertainmentNews. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
^ http://www.rhapsody.com/fairuz
^ http://www.aljadid.com/music/fairouza_voice_star_mystery.html
^ http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/biography.html
^ ^a ^b "Fairuz - Ambassadrice des Etoiles". Norient. July 21, 2001. http://www.norient.com/html/show_article.php?ID=30. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
^ Neil Macfarquhar. "This Pop Diva Wows Them in Arabic". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE4D9153EF93BA25756C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=.
^ http://www.fairuzfan.com/abouther.html
^ http://www.fairuzfan.com/works.html

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Fairuz Sings Zaki Nassif Buy this CD	Fairuz in Petra Buy this CD	Immortal Songs Buy this CD	Nass Men Warak Buy this CD	Soiree avec Fairuz Buy this CD
Hala Wel Malek Buy this CD	Gare al Mahatta [Highlights] Buy this CD	Chirstmas Carols from East and West Buy this CD	In Concert at the Olympia: Paris Buy this CD	B'Hebbak Ya Loubnan Buy this CD
Oriental Evening (Sahret El Hub) Buy this CD	Fairuz in Olympia, Vol. 1 & 2 Buy this CD	Very Best of Fairuz Buy this CD	Very Best of Fairuz Buy this CD	Very Best of Fairuz, Vol. 2 Buy this CD
Christmas Hymns Buy this CD	Al Mahatta Buy this CD	Days of Fakher Eddeen Buy this CD	Ya Rayeh Buy this CD	Ya Rayeh Buy this CD
Fairuz & Sax Buy this CD

Fairuz

Biography

Contents

Biography

1932-1950s - The early years

1960s - The establishment of a new star

1970s - International fame and the Lebanese Civil War

1980s - A new production team

1990s-present

Live concerts

Theatrical works

Discography

Filmography

Films

Television

Documentaries

See also

References

External links

	Legendary Fairuz (1998 Album by Fairuz)
	Kifak Inta (2004 Album by Fairuz)
	Best of Googoosh, Vol. 2: Mordab (1996 Album by Googoosh)

	Musician Fairuz is from which country? Read answer...
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		Artist. Copyright © 2009 All Media Guide, LLC. Content provided by All Music Guide ®, a trademark of All Media Guide, LLC. All rights reserved. Read more
		Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Fairuz". Read more