In some dialects and languages, the unrelated architectural term 'facade' is spelled 'fasad'.
|
|||||||||||||||
Fasad is an Arabic language term meaning corruption, unlawful warfare, or crimes against law and order in the Muslim community.[1]
Fasad is a general concept of social disorder that, within Islamic jurisprudence, is the source of and basis for 'Hirabah'-related laws. 'Hirabah' refers to illegal acts done under the principle of fasad.
Many critics of Islam have said that the verse in the Quran relating to fasad, is incorrectly used to denounce terrorism, and that the verse is a reference to Habil and Qabil (2 Sons of Adam), according to the tafsir of ibn Kathir, and not about war or non combatants . [3] [4]
Contents |
Appearances in the Koran
Verse
On that account: We ordained for the Children of Israel that if any one slew a person - unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief/corruption in the land - it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people. Then although there came to them Our messengers with clear signs, yet, even after that, many of them continued to commit excesses in the land.
Background
According to the tafsir and hadith verse in the Quran is a reference to Qabil(Cain) and Habil(Abel). The story starts at verse 5:26. It relates to when there were 4 or 6 people only on earth, and refer to when Qabil killed his brother, Habil according to the tafsir of Ibn Abbas (Companion of the Prophet and Commentator of Quran) and Ibn Kathir Who gave meanings of these verses. [7]
The people were:
- Adam
- Eve
- Cain
- Abel
Cain killed his brother Abel, destroying 25% of earths population, he almost destroyed all of mankind,since there were only 4 people on earth.[9][10]
It is reported that Habil is buried in Mount Qaynus, Syria.[11]
However,some scholars believe that there were 6 people on earth (including the 2 daughters of Adam),who were allowed to cross breed. But they have the view that the 2 daughters were celestial beings from heaven, since incest is Haram (forbidden) in islam, actual cross breeding is not allowed. Scholars are cautious on this topic and are reluctant to eleborate regarding the matter since it is taboo.[12]
Interpretations relating to Terrorism
International Islamic University scholar M. Moniruzzaman defines the term as inculding both domestic and international terrorism as well as broader anti-social activities such as extortion, organized crime, drug trafficking, and human trafficking.[13]
M.J. Akbar, editor of the Indian magazine Covert, has stated that, “Terrorism has no place in Islamic doctrine. The Koranic term for the killing of innocents is ‘fasad.’ Terrorists are fasadis, not jihadis. In a beautiful verse, the Koran says that the killing of an innocent is akin to slaying the whole community."[1]
Interpretation according to Hadith and Tafsir
Early Islamic figures such as Sa'id ibn Jubayr (who lived at the time of the prophet), and commentator of the Quran has said:
He who allows himself to shed the blood of a Muslim, is like he who allows shedding the blood of all people. He who forbids shedding the blood of one Muslim, is like he who forbids shedding the blood of all people.
It is also reported that another one of the commentators of the Quran, Mujahid (student of Ibn Abbas) said while commenting on the verse:
He who kills a believing soul intentionally, Allah makes the Fire of Hell his abode, He will become angry with him, and curse him, and has prepared a tremendous punishment for him, equal to if he had killed all people, his punishment will still be the same
Muslims believe Adam is a prophet of Islam and he and his children were muslim (somone who submits to God[15]
See also
References
- ^ a b No Way, No How, Not Here. By Thomas Friedman. The New York Times. Published February 17, 2009.
- ^ Hirabah, not Jihad. By Susan Douglass and Nadia Pervez. Council on Islamic Education. (2003). Accessed April 28, 2009.
- ^ http://cc-act.net/
- ^ http://www.islam-watch.org/Peace4ever/LostCount.htm
- ^ Linden, Edward (2005), Focus on Terrorism, Blackwell, p. 14, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wAVRIyMVxEIC&pg=PA14&dq=qabil+and+habil+terrorism#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil%20terrorism&f=false
- ^ Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Safiur (2003), Tafsir ibn Kathir, Dar us Salam, p. 150, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jzdFxlrRoCQC&pg=PA150&dq=qabil+and+habil#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil&f=false
- ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (2003), Atlas al Quran, Dar us Salam, p. 24, ISBN 9960897540, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA24&dq=qabil+and+habil#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil&f=false
- ^ Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Safiur (2003), Tafsir ibn Kathir, Dar us Salam, p. 150, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jzdFxlrRoCQC&pg=PA150&dq=qabil+and+habil#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil&f=false
- ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (2003), Atlas al Quran, Dar us Salam, p. 24, ISBN 9960897540, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA24&dq=qabil+and+habil#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil&f=false
- ^ http://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=2&tTafsirNo=73&tSoraNo=5&tAyahNo=32&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2
- ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (2003), Atlas al Quran, Dar us Salam, p. 25, ISBN 9960897540, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA24&dq=qabil+and+habil#v=onepage&q=qabil%20and%20habil&f=false
- ^ http://qa.sunnipath.com/issue_view.asp?HD=7&ID=17421&CATE=1426
- ^ Jihad and Terrorism: An Alternative Explanation. By M. Moniruzzaman. Journal of Religion & Society. Volume 10 (2008).
- ^ http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13723
- ^ http://www.islamicbulletin.com/newsletters/issue_1/adam.aspx
 |
This Islam-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 |
This law-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
