Fastener

Typical fasteners (coin shown for scale)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)

A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.

Fasteners can also be used to close a container such as a bag, a box, or an envelope; or they may involve keeping together the sides of an opening of flexible material, attaching a lid to a container, etc. There are also special purpose closing devices, e.g. a bread clip. Fasteners used in these manners are often temporary, in that they may be fastened and unfastened repeatedly.

Some types of woodworking joints make use of separate internal reinforcements, such as dowels or biscuits, which in a sense can be considered fasteners within the scope of the joint system, although on their own they are not general purpose fasteners.

Furniture supplied in flat-pack form often uses cam dowels locked by cam locks, also known as conformat fasteners.

Items like a rope, string, wire (e.g. metal wire, possibly coated with plastic, or multiple parallel wires kept together by a plastic strip coating), cable, chain, or plastic wrap may be used to mechanically join objects; but are not generally categorized as fasteners because they have additional common uses. Likewise, hinges and springs may join objects together, but are ordinarily not considered fasteners because their primary purpose is to allow articulation rather than rigid affixment.

Other alternative methods of joining materials include crimping, welding, soldering, brazing, taping, gluing, cementing, or the use of other adhesives. The use of force may also be used, such as with magnets, vacuum (like suction cups), or even friction.

Industry

In 2005, it is estimated that the United States fastener industry runs 350 manufac­turing plants and employs 40,000. The industry is strongly tied to the production of automobiles, aircraft, appliances, agricultural machinery, commercial construction, and infrastructure. More than 200 billion fasteners are used per year in the U.S., with 26 billion by the automotive industry.^[1]

Fastener types

Structural bolt DIN 6914 with DIN 6916 washer and UNI 5587 nut.

• batten
• bi-metallic fastener
• bolt, screw, cap screw, stud
• brass fastener
• buckle
• button
• clamp (or cramp)
• clasp
  • Bocklebee clasp
• Cleko
• clip
  • circlip
  • paper clip
• clutch (pin fastener)
• flange
• frog
• grommet
• Masonry anchors
• nail
• peg
• pin
  • clevis pin
  • clothes-pin
  • cotter pin
  • linchpin
  • R-clip
• retaining ring
  • external circlip
  • internal circlip
  • e-ring
• rivet
• rubber band (or bands of other materials)
• screw
• screw anchor
• snap
• Self-drilling fasteners
• Self-tapping fasteners
• stitches
• strap
• staple
• tack
• tie
• toggle
• Velcro brand hook-and-loop strips
• wedge anchor
• zipper

See also

• Safety wire
• Thread repair insert

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fastener

Look up fastener in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Fastener Quality Act