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father

 
Dictionary: fa·ther   (fä'THər) pronunciation
 
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n.
    1. A male person whose sperm unites with an egg, resulting in the conception of a child.
    2. A man who adopts a child.
    3. A man who raises a child.
  2. A male parent of an animal.
  3. A male ancestor.
  4. A man who creates, originates, or founds something: Chaucer is considered the father of English poetry.
  5. An early form; a prototype.
  6. Father Christianity.
    1. God.
    2. The first person of the Christian Trinity.
  7. An elderly or venerable man. Used as a title of respect.
  8. A member of the senate in ancient Rome.
  9. One of the leading men, as of a city: the town fathers.
  10. or Father A church father.
  11. (Abbr. Fr.)
    1. A priest or clergyman in the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches.
    2. Used as a title and form of address with or without the clergyman's name.

v., -thered, -ther·ing, -thers.

v.tr.
  1. To procreate (offspring) as the male parent.
  2. To act or serve as a father to (a child).
  3. To create, found, or originate.
  4. To acknowledge responsibility for.
    1. To attribute the paternity, creation, or origin of.
    2. To assign falsely or unjustly; foist.
v.intr.

To act or serve as a father.

[Middle English fader, from Old English fæder.]


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Thesaurus: father
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noun

  1. A male parent: sire. Informal dad, daddy, pa, papa, pappy2, pop2. Slang old man. See kin.
  2. A person from whom one is descended: ancestor, antecedent, ascendant, forebear, forefather, foremother, mother, parent, progenitor. Archaic predecessor. See kin, precede/follow.
  3. One that creates, founds, or originates: architect, author, creator, entrepreneur, founder2, inventor, maker, originator, parent, patriarch. See start/end.
  4. A first form from which varieties arise or imitations are made: archetype, master, original, protoplast, prototype. See start/end.

verb

  1. To be the biological father of: beget, breed, get, procreate, sire. See kin.
  2. To cause to come into existence: beget, breed, create, engender, hatch, make, originate, parent, procreate, produce, sire, spawn. Idioms: givebirthriseto. See make/unmake.

 
Antonyms: father
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n

Definition: founder, inventor
Antonyms: disciple, follower

n

Definition: male person who begets children; forefather
Antonyms: mother

v

Definition: create; generate
Antonyms: mother

 
Encyclopedia of Judaism: Father
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When a married woman gives birth, Jewish law presumes her husband to be the father; the presumption applies even in the presence of rumored unfaithfulness by the mother. An unmarried woman's claim that a particular man fathered her child, however, does not establish Paternity since the law takes into account that she may have had relations with other men as well (Ḥul. 11b). If a man says, "This is my child," his paternity is accepted. In cases of marriage between a Jew and non-Jew, family lineage follows the line of the mother. In marriage between two Jews, however, lineage is determined by the father (Kid. 3:12). Thus, if a priest (kohen) marries a non-priestly (Levite or Israelite) woman, the children are priests. Similarly, if an Israelite man marries a woman of priestly descent, the children are Israelites.

In biblical times the father was under a moral but not a legal obligation to support his children during their minority. The rabbis legalized this duty at the Synod of Usha (2nd. cent.). The father owns all the income of his minor children. This right was awarded him in recognition of his obligation to support and maintain them. However, the father has no right to the income of a son over the age of six who is not dependent upon him for support (perhaps by virtue of inheritance). The father has the right to annul vows made by his daughter while still a minor. According to the Talmud, the father had the biblical right to "marry off" daughters (i.e., to choose their husbands and receive any consideration granted by the groom) who had not reached the age of 12 years and six months. The rabbis, however, advised against the exercise of this right until after the daughter had reached the age of majority (i.e., 12; see Adult), when she could give her consent (Kid. 41a, Ket. 46a).

The father is required to give his children an appropriate Jewish education, to teach them right from wrong, and to prepare them to perform the Commandments upon attaining their majority. The father is obligated to have his son circumcised and redeem him if he is the firstborn (see Firstborn. Redemption of), to get a wife for him, and to teach him a craft (Kid. 29a). One opinion in the Talmud obliges the father to teach his son to swim (ibid.). When the son reaches Bar Mitzvah age, the father recites a special blessing on being relieved of legal responsibility (Barukh She-Petarani). The father must provide his daughter with the proper clothes and amenities to prepare her for Marriage.

Traditionally, it was considered natural that the father show compassion to his children and not be envious of their accomplishments. He was to be generous with his time, money, and feelings, and was expected to give of himself to help his children grow and develop. The father was also expected to discipline his children as required, and was thus the chief authority figure of the family.

In the East European shtetl, the father's activity within the home was mostly spiritual and intellectual, and his authority was largely unquestioned. As a matter of course, other Family members would not interrupt his conversation or sit in his chair. His position was more distant than that of the Mother, and, when home, his time was often devoted to his own affairs rather than to active participation in the family circle. Among immigrant families in the Western world and in Oriental communities in Israel the father's traditional authority was greatly eroded, representing, as he did, the culture of the past.

In contemporary Jewish homes in the West and in Israel, parent-child relationships are based less on authority and more on egalitarian principles than in the past. Modern theories of child-rearing are more influential than Jewish tradition in the majority of homes. As in many cases mothers have become significant breadwinners for the family, the father takes a greater share in child-rearing and other domestic tasks than ever before. Even in the various Orthodox communities, where Jewish tradition remains authoritative, there is a greater degree of role flexibility and egalitarianism than in previous generations. (See also Parent and Child).

 
Word Tutor: father
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A male parent.

pronunciation My father taught me to work; he did not teach me to love it. — Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865).

Tutor's tip: Your "father" (a male parent) tells you to swim "farther" (at a greater distance) than the pier so you can "further" (to support or help someone or something) your lifeguard ambitions.

 
Quotes About: Fathers
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Quotes:

"Fathers should be neither seen nor heard. That is the only proper basis for family life." - Oscar Wilde

"The American father is never seen in London. He passes his life entirely in Wall Street and communicates with his family once a month by means of a telegram in cipher." - Oscar Wilde

"It no longer bothers me that I may be constantly searching for father figures; by this time, I have found several and dearly enjoyed knowing them all." - Alice Walker

"None of you can ever be proud enough of being the child of SUCH a Father who has not his equal in this world -- so great, so good, so faultless. Try, all of you, to follow in his footsteps and don't be discouraged, for to be really in everything like him none of you, I am sure, will ever be. Try, therefore, to be like him in some points, and you will have acquired a great deal." - Queen Victoria

"One night a father overheard his son pray: Dear God, Make me the kind of man my Daddy is. Later that night, the Father prayed, Dear God, Make me the kind of man my son wants me to be." - Source Unknown

"What harsh judges fathers are to all young men!" - Terence

See more famous quotes about Fathers

 
Dream Symbol: Father
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Next to mothers, fathers usually exert the most powerful influence over our psychological makeup. The appearance of the father or a father symbol in a dream is thus extraordinarily difficult to interpret, because the meaning depends so heavily on each individual's experience with his or her own father. At a general level we can say that fathers represent power, authority, caring, the law, responsibility, and tradition. A father, as one of the co-producers of a new life, is also a creator.

 
Wikipedia: Father
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For other uses, see Father (disambiguation).
"Dad" redirects here. For other uses, see Dad (disambiguation).
"Fatherhood" redirects here. For other uses, see Fatherhood (disambiguation).
"Fathering" redirects here. For the journal, see Fathering (journal).
 This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (March 2009)
Father with child

A father is defined as a male parent of an offspring.[1] The adjective "paternal" refers to father, parallel to "maternal" for mother.

Contents

Father-child relationship

The father-child relationship is the defining factor of the fatherhood role.[2][3] "The majority of Fathers are naturally protective and supportive responsible parents who are able to engender a number of significant benefits for themselves, their communities, and most importantly, their children."[4] Involved fathers offer developmentally specific provisions to their sons and daughters throughout the life cycle and are impacted themselves by their doing so.[5] Active father figures have a key role to play in reducing behaviour problems in boys and psychological problems in young women.[6] For example, children who experience significant father involvement tend to exhibit higher scores on assessments of cognitive development, enhanced social skills and fewer behavior problems.[7][8][9] An increased amount of father-child involvement has also proven to increase a child's social stability, educational achievement, and even their potential to have a solid marriage as an adult. The children are also more curious about the world around them and develop greater problem solving skills.[10] Children who were raised without fathers perceive themselves to be less cognitively and physically competent than their peers from father-present families.[11] Mothers raising children without fathers reported more severe disputes with their child. Sons raised without fathers showed more feminine but no less masculine characteristics of gender role behavior.[12]

According to the anthropologist Maurice Godelier, the parental role assumed by human males is a critical difference between human society and that of humans' closest biological relatives - chimpanzees and bonobos - who appear to be unaware of their "father" connection.[13][14]

Like mothers, human fathers may be categorised according to their biological, social or legal relationship with the child.[15] Historically, the biological relationship paternity has been determinative of fatherhood. However, proof of paternity has been intrinsically problematic and so social rules often determined who would be regarded as a father, e.g. the husband of the mother.

Authority figure

The father is often seen as an authority figure.[16][17][18][19] According to Deleuze, the father authority exercises repression over sexual desire.[20] A common observation among scholars is that the authority of the father and of the [political] leader are closely intertwined, that there is a symbolic identification between domestic authority and national political leadership.[21] In this sense, links have been shown between the concepts of "patriarchal", "paternalistic", "cult of personality", "fascist", "totalitarian", "imperial".[21] The fundamental common grounds between domestic and national authority, are the mechanisms of naming (exercise the authority in someone's name) and identification.[21] In a patriarchal society, authority typically uses such rhetoric of fatherhood and family to implement their rule and advocate its legitimacy.[22]

Determination of parenthood

In the Roman and aristocratic patriarchal family, "the husband and the father had a measure of political authority and served as intermediary between the household and the polity."[23][24] In Western culture patriarchy and authority have been synonymous.[25] In the 19th century Europe, the idea was common, among both traditionalist and revolutionaries, that the authority of the domestic father should "be made omnipotent in the family so that it becomes less necessary in the state".[21][26][27] In the second part of that century, there was an extension of the authority of the husband over his wife and the authority of the father over his children, including "increased demands for absolute obedience of children to the father".[21] Europe saw the rise of "new ideological hegemony of the nuclear family form and a legal codification of patriarchy", which was contemporary with the solid spread of the "nation-state model as political norm of order".[21]

This method of the determination of fatherhood has persisted since Roman times in the famous sentence: Mater semper certa; pater est quem nuptiae demonstrant (Mother is always certain; the father is whom the marriage shows). The historical approach has been destabilised with the recent emergence of accurate scientific testing, particularly DNA testing. As a result, the law on fatherhood is undergoing rapid changes. In the United States, the Uniform Parentage Act essentially defines a father as a man who conceives a child through sexual intercourse.[citation needed]

The most familiar English terms for father include dad, daddy, papa, pop and pa. Other colloquial expressions include my old man.

Categories

Father with 2 children
  • Natural/Biological father - the most common category: child product of man and woman
  • Birth father - the biological father of a child who, due to adoption or parental separation, does not raise the child or cannot take care of one.
  • Surprise father - where the men did not know that there was a child until possibly years afterwards
  • Posthumous father - father died before children were born (or even conceived in the case of artificial insemination)
  • Teenage father/youthful father - associated with teenage sexual intercourse
  • Non-parental father - unmarried father whose name does not appear on child's birth certificate: does not have legal responsibility but continues to have financial responsibility (UK)
  • Sperm donor father - a genetic connection but man does not have legal or financial responsibility if conducted through licensed clinics

Non-biological (social / legal relationship between father and child)

  • Stepfather - wife has child from previous relationship
  • Father-in-law - the father of one's spouse
  • Adoptive father - a father who has adopted a child
  • Foster father - child is raised by a man who is not the biological or adoptive father usually as part of a couple.
  • Cuckolded father - where child is the product of the mother's adulterous relationship
  • Social father - where man takes de facto responsibility for a child (in such a situation the child is known as a "child of the family" in English law)
  • Mother's partner - assumption that current partner fills father role
  • Mother's husband - under some jurisdictions (e.g. in Quebec civil law), if the mother is married to another man, the latter will be defined as the father
  • DI Dad - social / legal father of children produced via Donor Insemination where a donor's sperm were used to impregnate the DI Dad's spouse.

Fatherhood defined by contact level with child

  • Weekend/holiday father - where child(ren) only stay(s) with father at weekends, holidays, etc.
  • Absent father - father who cannot or will not spend time with his child(ren)
  • Second father - a non-parent whose contact and support is robust enough that near parental bond occurs (often used for older male siblings who significantly aid in raising a child).
  • Stay at home dad - the male equivalent of a housewife with child
  • Where man in couple originally seeking IVF treatment withdraws consent before fertilisation (UK)
  • Where the apparently male partner in an IVF arrangement turns out to be legally a female (evidenced by birth certificate) at the time of the treatment (UK) (TLR 1 June 2006)
A biological child of a man who, for the special reason above, is not their legal father, has no automatic right to financial support or inheritance. Legal fatherlessness refers to a legal status and not to the issue of whether the father is now dead or alive.

Non-human fatherhood

For some animals, it is the fathers who take care of the young.

  • Darwin frog (Rhinoderma darwini) fathers carry eggs in the vocal pouch.
  • The female seahorse (hippocampus) deposits eggs into the pouch on the male's abdomen. The male releases sperm into the pouch, fertilizing the eggs. The embryos develop within the male's pouch, nourished by their individual yolk sacs.
  • Male Emperor Penguins alone incubate their eggs; females do no incubation. Rather than building a nest, each male protects his egg by balancing it on the tops of his feet, enclosed in a special brood pouch.
  • Wolf fathers help feed, protect, and play with their pups. In some cases, several generations of wolves live in the pack, giving pups the care of grandparents, aunts/uncles, and siblings, in addition to parents.
  • Dolphin fathers help in the care of the young.
  • A number of bird species have active, caring fathers who assist the mothers.

Most species[citation needed], though, display little or no paternal role in caring for offspring. The male leaves the female soon after mating and long before any offspring are born. It is the females who must do all the work of caring for the young.

  • A male bear leaves the female shortly after mating and will kill and sometimes eat any bear cub he comes across, even if the cub is his. Bear mothers spend much of their cubs' early life protecting them from males. (Many artistic works, such as advertisements and cartoons, depict kindly "papa bears" when this is the opposite of reality.)
  • Domesticated dog fathers show little interest in their offspring, and unlike wolves, are not monogamous with their mates and are thus likely to leave them after mating.
  • Male lions will tolerate cubs, but only allow them to eat meat from dead prey after they have had their fill. Some are quite cruel towards their young and may hurt or kill them with little provocation.[citation needed] A male who kills another male to take control of his pride will also usually kill any cubs belonging to that competing male. However, it is also the males who are responsible for guarding the pride while the females hunt.

Finally, in some species neither the father nor the mother provides any care

See also

Father can also refer metaphorically to a person who is considered the founder of a body of knowledge or of an institution. In such context the meaning of "father" is similar to that of "founder". See List of people known as the father or mother of something.

Sister project Look up father in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Sister project Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fathers

References

  1. ^ "WordNet". http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=father. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. 
  2. ^ Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2006. "Measuring Father Involvement in Young Children's Lives." National Center for Education Statistics. Fathers of the United States children born in 2001.
  3. ^ Minnesota Fathers & Families Network. "Do We Count all the Fathers in Minnesota?" (Saint Paul, MN: Author, 2007). 51.
  4. ^ Minnesota Fathers & Families Network. "Fathers to the Forefront: A five-year plan to strengthen Minnesota families." (Saint Paul, MN: Author. 2007).[1]
  5. ^ Diamond, M. J. "My Father Before Me: How Fathers and Sons Influence Each Other Throughout The Life Cycle." NY: Norton, 2007
  6. ^ Children Who Have An Active Father Figure Have Fewer Psychological And Behavioral Problems
  7. ^ Pruett, K. "Fatherneed: Why father care is as essential as mother care for your child," New York: Free Press, 2000.
  8. ^ "The Effects of Father Involvement: A Summary of the Research Evidence," Father Involvement Initiative Ontario Network, Fall 2002 newsletter.
  9. ^ Anderson Moore, K. "Family Structure and Child Well-being" Washington, DC: Child Trends, 2003.
  10. ^ United States. National Center for Fathering, Kansas City, MO. Partnership for Family Involvement in Education. A Call to Commitment: Fathers' Involvement in Children's Learning. June, 2000
  11. ^ Children raised in fatherless families from infancy: family relationships and the socioemotional development of children of lesbian and single heterosexual mothers.
  12. ^ Children raised in fatherless families from infancy: a follow-up of children of lesbian and single heterosexual mothers at early adolescence
  13. ^ Maurice Godelier, Métamorphoses de la parenté, 2004
  14. ^ "New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship". http://newleftreview.org/?view=2592. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. 
  15. ^ Minnesota Fathers & Families Network. "Do We Count Fathers in Minnesota?" (Saint Paul, MN: Author, 2007). 14.
  16. ^ Osaki, Harumi Killing Oneself, Killing the Father: On Deleuze's Suicide in Comparison with Blanchot's Notion of Death Literature and Theology, doi:10.1093/litthe/frm019
  17. ^ [Foucault's response to Freud: sado-masochism and the aestheticization of power http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2342/is_n3_v29/ai_18096757/pg_4]
  18. ^ Eva L. Corredor (Dis)embodiments of the Father in Maghrebian Fiction. The French Review, Vol. 66, No. 2 (Dec., 1992), pp. 295-304
  19. ^ Paul Rosefeldt; Peter Lang, 1996. The Absent Father in Modern Drama [CHAPTER 3 - QUESTIONING THE FATHER'S AUTHORITY http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9916349]
  20. ^ Deleuze, Gilles. Coldness and Cruelty. Masochism. Trans. Jean McNeil. New York: Zone, 1989. pp. 63-68. [2]
  21. ^ a b c d e f Borneman, John (2004) Death Of The Father: An Anthropology Of The End In Political Authority ISBN 1571811117 [3] pp.1-2, 11-12, 75-75
  22. ^ AnthroSource | PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review - 29(1):151 - Citation
  23. ^ David Foster Taming the Father: John Locke's Critique of Patriarchal Fatherhood. The Review of Politics, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 641-670
  24. ^ Alexis de Tocqueville 1830
  25. ^ WHITE, NICHOLAS review of Questioning the Father: From Darwin to Zola, Ibsen, Strindberg, and Hardy Journal of European Studies, December, 2000
  26. ^ Jules Simon 1869
  27. ^ Michelle Perrot 1990 A History of Private Life p.167

Bibliography

M J Diamond (2007) My Father Before Me; How Fathers and Sons Influence Each Other Throughout Their Lives. New York: WW Norton.

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Mother • Father • Son • Daughter • Sibling • Grandparent • Cousin

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Translations: Father
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - far, fader, pater
v. tr. - avle, fostre, være fader til
v. intr. - være i fars sted, tage sig faderligt af, tage ansvaret for

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    julemanden
  • father figure    faderskikkelse
  • Father's Day    fars dag

Nederlands (Dutch)
vader, God, respectvolle aanspreektitel, voorvader, grondlegger, bron, voorbeeld, geestelijke, oudste/ overste/ leider, vroeg christelijke schrijver, verwekken, iets bedenken/stichten, verantwoordelijk stellen voor, herkomst vaststellen, opleggen, als een vader zijn voor, vader-

Français (French)
n. - père, Dieu, Notre Père, ancêtre
v. tr. - engendrer, inventer, produire, concevoir
v. intr. - se montrer paternel, agir en père

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    (GB) Père Noël
  • father figure    personne qui tient le rôle du père
  • Father's Day    fête des Pères

Deutsch (German)
n. - Vater, Dienstältester, Urheber, Pater, Beichtvater
v. - zeugen, ins Leben rufen

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    Weihnachtsmann
  • father figure    Vaterfigur
  • Father's Day    Vatertag

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - πατέρας, (θρησκ.) ιερέας, πατήρ, (μτφ.) πρόγονος, πνευματικός δημιουργός
v. - είμαι ο πατέρας

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    ο Αϊ- Βασίλης
  • father figure    (ψυχολ.) πατρική μορφή, υποκατάστατο του πατέρα
  • Father's Day    η Ημέρα του Πατέρα

Italiano (Italian)
il Padre, padre, generare, procreare, papà, paterno

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    Babbo Natale
  • father figure    figura paterna
  • Father's Day    festa del papà

Português (Portuguese)
n. - pai (m)
v. - gerar

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    Papai Noel
  • father figure    figura do pai
  • Father's Day    Dia dos Pais

Русский (Russian)
порождать, приписывать, отечески заботиться, отец, Бог, творец, автор, родоначальник, потрясающий

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    фед-Мороз
  • father figure    идеальный образ отца, человек, заменяющий отца
  • Father's Day    Праздник фень в честь отцов обыкн. трелье воскресенье в июне

Español (Spanish)
n. - padre, sacerdote, padre espiritual, paternal, paterno, de padre, Dios, el Santo Padre, suegro, padrastro
v. tr. - engendrar, ser el autor de, patrocinar
v. intr. - hacer de padre, actuar paternalmente

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    Papá Noel
  • father figure    persona de edad que inspira respeto
  • Father's Day    día del padre

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - fader, upphovsman, nestor
v. - avla, upphovsman till

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
父亲, 创始者, 神父, 当...的父亲, 创立, 保护, 父亲般地照顾别人

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    圣诞老人, 圣诞老公公
  • father figure    长者, 领袖
  • Father's Day    父亲节

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 父親, 創始者, 神父
v. tr. - 當...的父親, 創立, 保護
v. intr. - 父親般地照顧別人

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    聖誕老人, 聖誕老公公
  • father figure    長者, 領袖
  • Father's Day    父親節

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 아버지, 창조자
v. tr. - ~을 만들다, ~을 낳다
v. intr. - ~아버지가 되다, ~의 책임을 지우다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 父, 祖先, 長老, 創始者, 父なる神
v. - 父となる, 創始する

idioms:

  • Father Christmas    サンタクロース
  • father figure    父親代わり

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) أب (فعل) ينجب , ينشيء , يتبنى , يؤسس‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮אב‬
v. tr. - ‮היה אב ל-, ייחס את האבהות ל-, הוליד, הודה באבהות‬
v. intr. - ‮התנהג כאב ל-‬

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