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A fault is any abnormal situation in an electrical system in which the electrical current may or may not flow through the intended part/s.
Fault is a condition when the current or voltage in any circuit do not flow in the same phase. in other words we can say that "when current flowing in the all phases of any electrical circuit differs in phase (greater or less than 120 degrees) or in magnitude, causing the system to become unstable is called fault in an electrical system." there are two main categories of faults in power system such as open circuit faults(series faults) and short circuit faults (shunt faults). the open circuit faults includes opening of one or two phases of 3-phase lines.It can be characterized by increasing voltage,frequency,power factor and reducing current. short circuit faults includes L-L (line to line),(L-G) line to ground,L-L-G,L-L-L,L-L-L-G. Among all the faults L-G fault occurs maximum, about 70%.These are characterized by increasing current and reducing voltage,frequency,power factor.
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