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Events
- 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest
battle between Roman armies.
- 1594 - Having already inherited the throne of
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through his mother Catherine Jagellonica of Poland, Sigismund
III of the House of Vasa is crowned
King of Sweden, succeeding his father
John III of Sweden.
- 1600 - The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina exploded
in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
- 1674 - England and the Netherlands sign the Peace of Westminster, ending the
Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of
New Amsterdam to England, which renamed it New
York.
- 1807 - In Alabama, Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr
is arrested for treason and confined to Fort Stoddart.
- 1819 - British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands, and claims them in the name of King George III.
- 1846 - In Austin, Texas the newly-formed Texas state
government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially
transfers power to the State of Texas government following Texas' annexation by the United States.
- 1847 - The Donner Party is rescued. It is noted that some
of the survivors seem to be remarkably well-fed considering their ordeal.
- 1852 - The Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded at
Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1861 - Serfdom is abolished in Russia.
- 1878 - The phonograph is patented by Thomas Edison.
- 1881 - Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages.
- 1913 - Prizes are included in Cracker Jack candy boxes
for the first time.
- 1915 - World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli began.
- 1937 - During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a
number of grenades.
- 1941 - World War II: The Afrika Korps, the corps-level headquarters controlling the German
Panzer divisions in North Africa, was formed.
- 1942 - World War II: nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city
of Darwin killing anywhere from 243 to 1100 people.
- 1942 - World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the executive
order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese-Americans to Japanese internment
camps.
- 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Kasserine
Pass in Tunisia begins.
- 1945 - World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima - about
30,000 United States Marines land on Iwo
Jima.
- 1949 - Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale
University.
- 1953 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the
United States.
- 1959 - The United Kingdom grants Cyprus its independence, which is then on formally proclaimed on
August 16, 1960.
- 1968 - National Educational Television
(the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service in the United States)
debuts the children's television program Mister
Rogers' Neighborhood
- 1968 - Egyptian commando forces attempt to intervene in a hijacking situation at Larnaca International Airport, without
authorisation from the Republic of Cyprus authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos
and destroy the Egyptian C-130 transport plane in open combat.
- 1982- Maiden flight of Boeing 757
- 1985 - Artificial heart patient William J. Schroeder becomes the first such patient to leave hospital.
- 1985 - Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 crashes into
Mount Oiz in Spain, killing 148.
- 1985 - EastEnders first airs on televisions across the United Kingdom, on the first night of a major identity change for BBC1.
- 1986 - The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station.
- 1999 - Official dedication and unveiling of the cornerstone at Air Canada Centre.
- 2001 - An Oklahoma City bombing museum is
dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial.
- 2002 - NASA's Mars
Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars
using its thermal emission imaging system.
- 2004 - Nazi-hunter Simon
Wiesenthal is awarded an honorary knighthood in recognition of a
"lifetime of service to humanity."
- 2006 - The Rolling Stones made the largest show
open to the public of the world in Copacabana beach, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1.3
million people went to the show.
- 2007 - Three Salvadoran deputies to the Central American Parliament and their driver are murdered in Guatemala.
Births
- 1473 - Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish mathematician
and astronomer (d. 1543)
- 1526 - Charles de L'Ecluse, Flemish botanist (d.
1609)
- 1552 - Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman
(d. 1630)
- 1630 - Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire (d. 1680)
- 1660 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and
chemist (d. 1742)
- 1717 - David Garrick, British actor (d. 1779)
- 1722 - Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (d.
1774)
- 1743 - Luigi Boccherini, Italian composer (d.
1805)
- 1780 - Richard McCarty, American
politician (d. 1844)
- 1802 - Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss Federal
Councillor (d. 1881)
- 1804 - Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky,
German physician (d. 1878)
- 1804 - David Wark, Canadian politician (d. 1905)
- 1821 - August Schleicher, German linguist (d.
1868)
- 1833 - Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1906)
- 1859 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist,
Nobel laureate (d. 1927)
- 1865 - Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer (d. 1952)
- 1876 - Constantin Brancusi, Romanian sculptor (d.
1957)
- 1877 - Gabriele Münter, German painter (d.
1962)
- 1880 - Alvaro Obregon, Mexican president (d.
1928)
- 1888 - José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (d.
1928)
- 1893 - Sir Cedric Hardwicke, British actor (d.
1964)
- 1895 - Louis Calhern, American actor (d.
1956)
- 1897 - Alma Rubens, American actress (d. 1931)
- 1899 - Yury Olesha, Russian novelist (d. 1960)
- 1900 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet, Nobel laureate (d. 1971)
- 1902 - Kay Boyle, American writer (d. 1992)
- 1904 - Havank, Dutch writer (d. 1964)
- 1911 - Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
- 1912 - Saul Chaplin, American composer (d.
1997)
- 1913 - Prince Pedro Gastão of
Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne
- 1914 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian (d.
2005)
- 1916 - Eddie Arcaro, American jockey (d. 1997)
- 1917 - Carson McCullers, American author (d.
1967)
- 1920 - C. Z. Guest, American socialite (d.
2003)
- 1920 - Jaan Kross, Estonian writer
- 1920 - George Rose, British music hall entertainer (d. 1988)
- 1924 - David Bronstein, Ukrainian chess player (d.
2006)
- 1924 - Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1924 - Bruce Norris, American ice hockey executive (d. 1986)
- 1929 - Jacques Deray, French film director (d.
2003)
- 1930 - John Frankenheimer, American film director
(d. 2002)
- 1934 - Carole Eastman, American screenwriter (d.
2004)
- 1936 - Sam Myers, American musician and songwriter (d.
2006)
- 1936 - Marin Sorescu, Romanian writer and novelist (d. 1997)
- 1937 - Robert "Bilbo" Walker Jr., American
blues guitarist
- 1940 - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (d. 2006)
- 1940 - Smokey Robinson, American singer
- 1941 - David Gross, American physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1942 - Paul Krause, American football player
- 1943 - Lou Christie, American singer
- 1943 - Homer Hickam, American author and retired NASA
engineer
- 1943 - Tim Hunt, British biochemist, Nobel laureate
- 1945 - Michael Nader, American actor
- 1946 - Paul Dean, Canadian guitarist
(Loverboy)
- 1946 - Peter Hudson, Australian rules footballer
- 1946 - Karen Silkwood, American activist (d. 1974)
- 1947 - Tim Shadbolt, mayor of Invercargill, New Zealand
- 1948 - Mark Andes, American musician
- 1948 - Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician (d. 2002)
- 1948 - Tony Iommi, British musician (Black
Sabbath)
- 1948 - Big John Studd, American professional wrestler (d. 1995)
- 1949 - Dan Bunten, American software developer
(d. 1998)
- 1950 - Andy Powell, British musician
- 1951 - Stephen Nichols, American actor
- 1951 - Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic scholar
- 1952 - Amy Tan, American novelist
- 1952 - Rodolfo Neri Vela, Mexican astronaut
- 1953 - Massimo Troisi, Italian actor (d.
1994)
- 1954 - Socrates, Brazilian footballer
- 1955 - Jeff Daniels, American actor
- 1956 - Kathleen Beller, American actress
- 1956 - Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist, Nobel laureate
- 1957 - Falco, Austrian singer (d. 1998)
- 1957 - Ray Winstone, British actor
- 1960 - Andrew, Duke of York
- 1960 - Leslie Ash, English actress
- 1961 - Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d.
1998)
- 1962 - Hana Mandlíková, Czech tennis player
- 1962 - John Laroche, American orchid poacher
- 1963 - Laurell K. Hamilton, American writer
- 1963 - Seal, English singer
- 1964 - Dmitri Lipskerov, Russian writer
- 1964 - Sonu Walia, Indian actress
- 1966 - Justine Bateman, American actress
- 1966 - Paul Haarhuis, Dutch tennis player
- 1966 - Enzo Scifo, Belgian footballer
- 1967 - Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor
- 1969 - Burton C. Bell, American vocalist
- 1971 - Miguel Batista, Dominican baseball player
- 1971 - Gil Shaham, Israeli/American violinist
- 1972 - Francine, American professional wrestler
- 1974 - Danny Doring, American professional wrestler
- 1975 - Mikko Kavén, Finnish footballer
- 1975 - Katja Schuurman, Dutch actress and singer
- 1975 - Daewon Song, Korean professional skateboarder
- 1977 - Ola Salo, Swedish singer (The Ark)
- 1977 - Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer
- 1978 - Michalis Konstantinou, Greek-Cypriot
footballer
- 1978 - Immortal Technique, American rapper
- 1979 - Mariska, Finnish rapper
- 1979 - Clinton Morrison, Irish footballer
- 1979 - Mariana Ochoa, Mexican singer and actress
- 1980 - Neleh Dennis, American Survivor contestant
- 1980 - Mike Miller, American basketball player
- 1981 - Ronnie Arniell, Canadian professional
wrestler
- 1981 - Gil Reyes, American boxer
- 1981 - Nicky Shorey, English footballer
- 1981 - Vitas, Russian singer
- 1983 - Mika Nakashima, Japanese singer/actress
- 1984 - Chris Richardson, American Idol finalist
- 1985 - Haylie Duff, American singer/actress
- 1986 - Reon Kadena, Japanese model/actress
- 1986 - Henri Karjalainen, Finnish racing driver
- 1986 - Maria Mena, Norwegian singer
- 1986 - Marta, Brazilian footballer
- 1993 - Victoria Justice, American actress
Deaths
- 197 - Clodius Albinus, Roman governor of Britain
- 1133 - Irene Ducaena, wife of Alexius I Comnenus (b. 1066)
- 1553 - Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and
mathematician (b. 1511)
- 1589 - Saint Philothei, Orthodox martyr and Patron of
Athens (b. 1522)
- 1605 - Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b.
1550)
- 1602 - Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of
Mercoeur, French soldier (b. 1558)
- 1620 - Roemer Visscher, Dutch writer (b.
1547)
- 1622 - Sir Henry Savile, English
educator (b. 1549)
- 1653 - Luigi de Rossi, Italian composer (b.
1597)
- 1663 - Adam Adami, German bishop and diplomat (b.
1603)
- 1670 - King Frederick III of Denmark (b.
1609)
- 1672 - Charles Chauncy, English-born president of
Harvard College (b. 1592)
- 1709 - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (b.
1646)
- 1716 - Dorthe Engelbrechtsdatter, Norwegian
poet (b. 1634)
- 1789 - Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer
and President of Delaware (b. 1738)
- 1799 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French
mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (b. 1733)
- 1806 - Elizabeth Carter, English writer (b.
1717)
- 1837 - Georg Büchner, German playwright (b.
1813)
- 1873 - Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b.
1837)
- 1887 - Multatuli, Dutch writer (b. 1820)
- 1897 - Karl Weierstraß, German mathematician (b.
1815)
- 1916 - Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher
(b. 1838)
- 1927 - Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer (b.
1847)
- 1936 - Billy Mitchell, American general and military
aviation pioneer (b. 1879)
- 1936 - Max Schreck, German actor (b. 1879)
- 1936 - Charles Harding Firth, British historian (b. 1857)
- 1942 - Frank Abbandando, American gangster (executed)
(b. 1910)
- 1951 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1869)
- 1952 - Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel laureate (b. 1859)
- 1957 - Maurice Garin, French cyclist (b.
1871)
- 1962 - Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek doctor,
inventor of the Pap smear (b. 1883)
- 1968 - Georg Hackenschmidt, Estonian professional
wrestler (b. 1878)
- 1969 - Madge Blake, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1972 - John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (b.
1898)
- 1972 - Tedd Pierce, American animator (b. 1906)
- 1973 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b.
1892)
- 1973 - Kostas Negrepontis, Greek footballer (b. 1897)
- 1975 - Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (b.
1904)
- 1977 - Mike González, Cuban baseball
player (b. 1890)
- 1977 - Anthony Crosland, British politician (b. 1918)
- 1980 - Bon Scott, Australian musician and singer for the
band AC/DC (b. 1946)
- 1983 - Alice White, American film actress (b.
1904)
- 1986 - Adolfo Celi, Italian actor (b. 1922)
- 1988 - André Frédéric Cournand, French-born
physician, Nobel laureate (b. 1895)
- 1994 - Derek Jarman, British film director (b.
1942)
- 1996 - Charles O. Finley, American sports entrepreneur
(b. 1918)
- 1997 - Deng Xiaoping, Chinese Communist leader and
revolutionary (b. 1904)
- 1997 - Leo Rosten, American Yiddish writer and humorist (b. 1908)
- 1998 - John Acheson, British actor
- 1998 - Grandpa Jones, American entertainer (b. 1913)
- 1999 - Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, Iraqi Shiite
leader (assassinated)
- 2000 - Friedensreich Hundertwasser,
Austrian artist (b. 1928)
- 2001 - Priscilla Davis, American socialite (b.
1942)
- 2001 - Stanley Kramer, American director (b. 1913)
- 2001 - Charles Trenet, French singer (b. 1913)
- 2003 - Johnny PayCheck, American singer (b.
1938)
- 2007 - Janet Blair, American actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 - Celia Franca, founder of National
Ballet of Canada (b. 1921)
Holidays and observances
External links
