Festivus is a secular holiday celebrated on December 23rd. It was created by writer Dan O'Keefe and introduced into popular culture by his son Daniel, a screenwriter for the TV show Seinfeld[1][2] as part of a comical storyline on the show. The holiday's celebration, as shown on Seinfeld, includes an unadorned aluminum "Festivus pole", practices such as the "Airing of Grievances" and "Feats of Strength", and the labeling of easily explainable events as "Festivus miracles".
Celebrants of the holiday sometimes refer to it as "Festivus for the rest of us", a saying taken from the O'Keefe family traditions and popularized in the Seinfeld episode to describe Festivus as "another way" to celebrate the season without participating in its pressures and commercialism.
History
Although the original Festivus took place in February, 1966, as a celebration of the elder O'Keefe's first date with his future wife, Deborah,[2] it is now celebrated on December 23, as depicted on the December 18, 1997 Seinfeld episode "The Strike".[1][3] According to O'Keefe, the name Festivus "just popped into my head".[2]
Traditional practices
The holiday, as portrayed in the Seinfeld episode and now celebrated by many,[citation needed] includes practices such as the "Airing of Grievances", which occurs during the Festivus meal and in which each person tells everyone else all the ways they have disappointed him or her over the past year. After the meal the "Feats of Strength" are performed, involving wrestling the head of the household to the floor, with the holiday ending only if the head of the household is actually pinned.
The original holiday featured more peculiar practices, as detailed in the younger Daniel O'Keefe's book The Real Festivus. The book provides a first-person account of an early version of the Festivus holiday as celebrated by the O'Keefe family, and how O'Keefe amended or replaced details of his father's invention to create the Seinfeld episode.[4]
Some people, influenced or inspired by Seinfeld,[2] now celebrate the holiday in varying degrees of seriousness; the beginning of the spread of Festivus is chronicled in the 2005 book Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of Us by Allen Salkin.[5]
Summary of the Seinfeld episode and the holiday's rituals
Festivus is introduced in the Seinfeld episode which revolves around Cosmo Kramer returning to work at H&H Bagels. He does so after learning that a 12-year strike in which he participated has ended (because the minimum wage has risen to the level of the wages demanded by the workers twelve years earlier). Kramer becomes interested in resurrecting the holiday when at the bagel shop, Frank Costanza tells him how he created Festivus as an alternative holiday in response to the commercialization of Christmas.
- Frank Costanza: "Many Christmases ago, I went to buy a doll for my son. I reached for the last one they had, but so did another man. As I rained blows upon him, I realized there had to be another way."
- Cosmo Kramer: "What happened to the doll?"
- Frank Costanza: "It was destroyed. But out of that a new holiday was born: a Festivus for the rest of us!"
- Kramer: "That must have been some doll."
- Frank Costanza: "She was."[6]
Frank Costanza's son, George (Jason Alexander), creates donation cards for a fake charity called The Human Fund (with the slogan "Money For People") in lieu of having to give office Christmas presents. When his boss, Mr. Kruger (Daniel von Bargen), questions George about a US $20,000 check he gave George to donate to the Human Fund as a corporate donation, George hastily concocts the excuse that he made up the Human Fund because he feared persecution for his beliefs--for not celebrating Christmas, but celebrating Festivus. Attempting to call his bluff, Kruger goes home with George to see Festivus in action.
Kramer eventually goes back on strike from his bagel-vendor job when his manager tells him he cannot have time off for his new-found holiday. Kramer is then seen on the sidewalk picketing H&H Bagels, carrying a sign reading "Festivus yes! Bagels no!" and chanting to anyone passing the store: "Hey! No bagel, no bagel, no bagel..."[6]
Finally at Frank's house in Queens, New York, Jerry, Elaine, Kramer, and George gather to celebrate Festivus. George brings Kruger to prove to him that Festivus is real.
Festivus pole
In the episode, although not in the original O'Keefe Family celebration, the tradition of Festivus begins with an aluminum pole. During Festivus, the pole is displayed unadorned. The basics of the Festivus pole are explained by Frank in two separate situations:
- Cosmo Kramer: "And is there a tree?"
- Frank Costanza: "No, instead, there's a pole. It requires no decoration. I find tinsel distracting."
- Frank Costanza: "It's made from aluminum. Very high strength-to-weight ratio."
When not being used, the aluminum pole is stored in the Costanzas' crawl space.
Festivus Dinner
In "The Strike", a celebratory dinner is shown on the evening of Festivus prior to the Feats of Strength and during the Airing of Grievances. The on-air meal was shown to be some sort of meatloaf. The original holiday dinner in the O'Keefe household featured turkey or ham followed by a Pepperidge Farm cake decorated with M&M's, as described in detail in O'Keefe's The Real Festivus. In the Seinfeld episode no alcohol is served at the dinner, but George Costanza's boss, Mr. Kruger, drinks from a hip flask.
Airing of Grievances
The celebration of Festivus begins with the "Airing of Grievances", which takes place immediately after the Festivus dinner has been served. It consists of lashing out at others and the world about how one has been disappointed in the past year. In "The Festivus Book" the tradition is watered down, and every household has its own version of the Airing of Grievances, with one family writing the grievances on the refrigerator in marker.[7]
The Seinfeld version:
- Frank Costanza: "And at the Festivus dinner, you gather your family around, and tell them all the ways they have disappointed you over the past year!"
- Frank Costanza: "The tradition of Festivus begins with the Airing of Grievances. I got a lot of problems with you people! And now, you're gonna hear about it. You, Kruger. My son tells me your company STINKS!"
- George Costanza: "Oh, God."
Feats of Strength
The Feats of Strength is the final tradition observed in the celebration of Festivus, celebrated immediately following (or in the case of "The Strike", during) the Festivus dinner. As described in the "Festivus Book", the head of the household selects one person at the Festivus celebration and challenges that person to a wrestling match.[8] The person may decline if they have something else to do, such as pull a double shift at work. Tradition states that Festivus is not over until the head of the household is pinned in a wrestling match. The Feats of Strength are mentioned twice in the episode before they actually take place. In both instances, no detail was given as to what had actually happened, but in both instances, George Costanza ran out of the show's portrayal of a New York coffee shop in a mad panic, implying he had bad experiences with the Feats of Strength in the past. What the Feats of Strength entailed was revealed at the very end of the episode, when it actually took place. Failing to pin the head of the household results in Festivus continuing until such requirement is met.
From the "Seinfeld" episode:
- Jerry Seinfeld: "And wasn't there a Feats of Strength that always ended up with you crying?"
- George Costanza: "I can't take it anymore! I'm going to work! Are you happy now?!"
- Frank Costanza: "I've brought one of the cassette tapes."
- Frank Costanza (on a tape recorder): "Read that poem."
- George Costanza (on a tape recorder): "I can't read it, I need my glasses."
- Frank Costanza (on a tape recorder): "You don't need glasses! You're just weak, weak!"
- Estelle Costanza (on a tape recorder): (shouts) "Leave him alone!"
- Frank Costanza (on a tape recorder): "All right, George. It's time for the Festivus Feats of Strength!"
- George Costanza: "No! No! Turn it off! No Feats of Strength! I hate Festivus!"
- Frank Costanza: "We had some good times."
Festivus Miracles
Another growing tradition, although not used by all celebrants of the holiday, is the phenomenon of the Festivus Miracle. Mentioned twice in the original episode, the miracles were declared by Cosmo Kramer during the Festivus celebration in the Costanza household.
Miracle #1;
- Sleazy Guy: "Hello again, Miss Benes."
- Elaine Benes: "What are you doing here?"
- Sleazy Guy: "Damndest thing. Me and Charlie were calling to ask you out, and, uh, we got this bagel place."
- Cosmo Kramer: "I told them I was just about to see you. It's a Festivus Miracle!"
Miracle #2;
- Gwen: "Jerry!"
- Jerry Seinfeld: "Gwen! How did you know I was here?"
- Gwen: "Kramer told me!"
- Cosmo Kramer: "Another Festivus Miracle!"
- Jerry Seinfeld: (gives Kramer a murderous glare)
Etymology and origin
Festivus (with long "i", festīvus) is a Latin word, but not the name of a festival: in one reference it is said to mean "festive".[9] A scholarly work on the etymology of the word by Dr. Brian A. Krostenko, summarized in Salkin's book, concludes that in ancient Rome the word evolved, referring at times to the way the common folk would misbehave on official religious holidays and at other times to a certain snooty attitude amongst the higher classes. The book claims, with no proof, that it is possible that the elder O'Keefe, who was studying ancient rituals, knew this etymology and adapted it for his family's holiday.[10] The English word festive derives from festīvus, which in turn derives from festus "joyous; holiday, feast day".[11][12]
In the O'Keefe tradition, the holiday would take place in response to family tension, "any time from December to May".[13] The phrase "a Festivus for the rest of us" also derived from an O'Keefe family event, the death of the elder O'Keefe's mother.[13]
The elder O'Keefe wrote a book, Stolen Lightning: The Social Theory of Magic (1982), that deals with idiosyncratic ritual and its social significance, a theme relevant to Festivus tradition.[14]
Festivus in popular culture
- The Wagner Companies of Milwaukee, Wisconsin began manufacturing and selling aluminum Festivus poles for the 2005 season.[15]
- "Festivus" was the name of a seasonal Ben & Jerry's ice cream made in 2000 and 2001. [16][17]
- "Festivus" was a term used by the 2000 Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL) and their fans to denote the NFL Playoffs. During the season, Ravens head coach Brian Billick, wanting his player to focus on every game, banned them from using the word "playoffs". Players substituted the term "festivus" for playoffs and "Festivus Maximus" for the Super Bowl. The Ravens did eventually win the 2001 Super Bowl.[18]
- A 2004 episode of Jeopardy! had a Seinfeld themed round featuring a category entitled Festivus.[19]
- In 2005, Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle was declared "Governor Festivus" and during the holiday season displayed a Festivus Pole in the family room of the Executive Residence in Madison, Wisconsin.[20] Governor Doyle's 2005 Festivus Pole is now part of the collection of the Wisconsin Historical Museum.[21]
- In 2007, a Wisconsin man requested permission to erect a Festivus pole next to Green Bay City Hall's nativity scene as a response to public religious and secular displays.[22][23]
- The Festivus Film Festival in Denver, Colorado began in 2008. Called "the film fest for the rest of us", the annual January festival highlights "truly independent" films and filmmakers.[24]
- In December 2008, in response to a request by the Freedom From Religion Foundation an atheist sign was displayed near a nativity model, and among the requests for other displays, the Washington State Capitol approved a citizen's right to have a Festivus pole displayed. Governor Christine Gregoire placed a moratorium on further additions to the Capitol display which stopped the aluminum pole from being erected.[25][26]
- In 2008 and 2009 a Festivus pole was erected in the rotunda of the Illinois Capitol building located in Springfield, Illinois. In 2008 the handle of a pool cleaner was erected by 18 year old student, Mike Tennenhouse with help from his brother Matt Tennenhouse. He was "airing grievances" on behalf of the people of Illinois with Governor Rod Blagojevich.[27][28]The 2009 display was an unadorned aluminum pole.
- In 2008 the Adams Morgan neighborhood of Washington, D.C. allowed for the "airing of grievances" on bulletin boards attached to a kiosk. These grievances were then aired by a town crier in a jester hat the following weekend.[29]
- The band Titus Andronicus recorded a CD entitled The Airing of Grievances.
See also
References
- ^ a b "Festivus for the rest of us". LJWorld. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/dec/18/festivus_rest_us/?christmas_holidays=. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ a b c d Salkin, Allen (2004-12-19). "Fooey to the World: Festivus Is Come". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/fashion/19FEST.html?pagewanted=all&position=. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ "The Strike". Seinfeld. 1997-12-18. No. 10, season 9.
- ^ "Origins of Festivus". Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of Us. http://www.festivusbook.com/historyoffestivus. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
- ^ "Festivus Website". Allen Salkin. http://www.festivusbook.com/.
- ^ a b "The Strike". Seinfeld Scripts. http://www.seinfeldscripts.com/TheStrike.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Airing of Grievances". Festivus Book.
- ^ "Feats of Strength". Festivus Book.
- ^ "festivus". Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3D%2318041. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
- ^ "Festivus Website". Allen Salkin. http://www.festivusbook.com/.
- ^ "festus". Words. http://www.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe?festus. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
- ^ "Our day, our way". Journal Sentinel Online. http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=365353. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ a b Allen Salkin (2005). Festivus: The Holiday for the Rest of us. ISBN 0-446-69674-9.
- ^ O'Keefe (1982). Stolen Lightning: A Social Theory of Magic. ISBN 0-8264-0059-0.
- ^ "Festivus poles now are for the rest of us". MSN NBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16314291. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Flavor Graveyard". Ben & Jerry. http://www.benjerry.com/our_products/flavor_graveyard. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Press Release". Ben & Jerry. http://www.benjerry.com/company/media-center/press/festivus1127.html. Retrieved 2009-12-23.
- ^ Matte, Tom; Jeff Seidel (2004). Tales from the Baltimore Ravens Sideline. ISBN 1-582-61754-6.
- ^ "Show #4657". J! Archive. http://www.j-archive.com/showgame.php?game_id=62. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Gov. Festivus!". madison.com. http://www.madison.com/archives/read.php?ref=/tct/2005/12/23/0512230446.php. Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ^ "Governor Doyle's Festivus Pole". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum/artifacts/archives/003178.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "Green Bay Festivus pole". 236.com. http://www.236.com/blog/w/joseph_minton_amann_and_tom_breuer/a_festivus_for_the_rest_of_us_3063.php. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Festivus Pole Proposed After Wisconsin City Displays Nativity". FOXNews.com. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,317090,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ "FESTIVUS Film Festival". http://www.festivusfilmfestival.com.
- ^ "Coming to Capitol: Festivus display". http://www.komonews.com/news/local/35616504.html.
- ^ "Washington State ends 'holiday' display mayhem in its capitol". http://www.theolympian.com/election/presidential/story/698240.html.
- ^ David Mercer, Capitol Festivus pole goes up, and gripes begin Chicago Tribune, December 24, 2008
- ^ Steve Schmadeke, Festivus display at Illinois Capitol Chicago Tribune, December 24, 2008
- ^ Petula Dvorak, [1] Washington Post, December 18, 2008
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