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finger

 
Dictionary: fin·ger   (fĭng'gər) pronunciation
n.
  1. One of the five digits of the hand, especially one other than the thumb.
  2. The part of a glove designed to cover a finger.
  3. Something, such as an oblong peninsula, that resembles one of the digits of the hand.
  4. The length or width of a finger.
  5. A degree of participation; a share: "seems almost sure to have a finger or two in crafting the final blueprint" (George B. Merry).
  6. An obscene gesture of defiance or derision made by pointing or jabbing the middle finger upward. Often used with the.

v., -gered, -ger·ing, -gers.

v.tr.
  1. To touch with the fingers; handle. See synonyms at touch.
  2. Music.
    1. To mark (a score) with indications of which fingers are to play the notes.
    2. To play (an instrument) by using the fingers in a particular order or way.
  3. Slang.
    1. To inform on.
    2. To designate, especially as an intended victim.
v.intr.
  1. To handle something with the fingers.
  2. Music. To use the fingers in playing an instrument.
idioms:

have (or keep) (one's) fingers crossed

  1. To hope for a successful or advantageous outcome.
lay (one's) (or a) finger on
  1. To locate; find: We haven't been able to lay a finger on those photos.
put (one's) finger on
  1. To remember; recall: I know his name; I just can't put my finger on it.
twist (or wrap) around (one's) little finger
  1. To dominate utterly and effortlessly.

[Middle English, from Old English.]

fingerer fin'ger·er n.
fingerless fin'ger·less adj.

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A Unix command widely used on the Internet to find out information about a particular user, such as telephone number, whether currently logged on or the last time logged on. The person being "fingered" must have placed his or her profile on the system. Profiles can be very elaborate either as a method of social introduction or to state particular job responsibilities. Fingering requires entering the full user@domain address.

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Thesaurus: finger
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verb

  1. To bring the hands or fingers, for example, into contact with so as to give or receive a physical sensation: feel, handle, palpate, touch. See touch/not touch.
  2. To establish the identification of: identify, pinpoint, place, recognize. Idioms: put one's finger on. See knowledge/ignorance.

Antonyms: finger
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v

Definition: choose, designate
Antonyms: ignore, pass over

v

Definition: touch lightly
Antonyms: manhandle


Hacker Slang: finger
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[WAITS, via BSD Unix]

1. n. A program that displays information about a particular user or all users logged on the system, or a remote system. Typically shows full name, last login time, idle time, terminal line, and terminal location (where applicable). May also display a plan file left by the user (see also Hacking X for Y).

2. vt. To apply finger to a username.

3. vt. By extension, to check a human's current state by any means. “Foodp?” “T!” “OK, finger Lisa and see if she's idle.

4. Any picture (composed of ASCII characters) depicting ‘the finger’, see See figure 1. Originally a humorous component of one's plan file to deter the curious fingerer (sense 2), it has entered the arsenal of some flamers.


Dental Dictionary: finger
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n

Any one of the five digits of the hand.

English Folklore: fingers
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Traditionally, different fingers had different attributes and uses. The forefinger was considered ‘poisonous’ and therefore should never be used for applying ointment to a cut or bruise; in contrast, the ring finger, especially that of the left hand, was known in the 15th century as ‘leche man’, i.e. ‘doctor’, since doctors always used it to stir, taste, and apply their medicines. These ideas were still remembered in 19th-century Somerset: ‘The ring-finger, stroked along any sore or wound, will soon heal it. All the other fingers are poisonous, especially the forefinger’ (N&Q 1s:7 (1853), 152). Another old idea, still current, is that a vein runs straight from this finger to the heart, and that is why engagement and wedding rings are worn there.

The little finger. rarely functioning alone for practical purposes, is used in a playful ritual: when two people say the same thing simultaneously, they link little fingers and make a wish. Among children in the 1950s, when two have had an argument they would link little fingers and shake their hands up and down, chanting:

Make up, make up, never do it again,
If you do, you'll get the cane.


Another children's custom, of the 19th century, was for boys to pinch the little finger of girls, and vice versa; if they screamed, it meant they couldn't keep a secret—and as boys pinched harder than girls, it followed that girls couldn't keep secrets (N&Q 5s:6 (1876), 108, 214, 337-8).

Finger gestures currently in use include crossing fingers for luck or to avert bad luck; thumbing one's nose (also called cocking a snook or ‘five finger salute’) as mockery, usually among children; thumbs up for approval, or to indicate that all is well; the defiant, sexually insulting V-sign (‘two-finger salute’); the more strongly obscene raising of the middle finger, of American origin. Two gestures known in Elizabethan England were ‘the fig’, in which the thumb is thrust between clenched fingers as a sexual insult, and ‘the horns’, made by extending the forefinger and little finger while clenching the rest, as a taunt to a cuckold. Nobody now uses them here, but little pendants showing hands in these positions can be bought as lucky charms, because in parts of Europe the ‘fig’ and ‘horns’ gestures are used not only as insults but to avert the evil eye and bad luck.

See also FINGERNAILS, HAND, THUMBS.Opie and Tatem, 1989:149.

Word Tutor: finger
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: One of the five digits of the hand, especially one other than the thumb.

pronunciation His fingers felt numb after throwing snowballs without wearing gloves.

Dream Symbol: Finger
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Fingers and thumbs have a rich symbolic association because of the wide variety of meanings in various hand gestures. Thus, we may do everything from thumb a ride, to point an accusatory finger at someone, to point the way. Fingers have other connotations because of certain symbolic rings (e.g., marriage rings) and certain verbal expressions (e.g., "fingering" a guilty person). In Freudian psychology, fingers can be a phallic symbol. The particulars of the gesture in the dream should indicate the meaning.


Wikipedia: Finger
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Fingers of the human left hand.
Fingers
Hand.svg
Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little

A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates.[1][2] Normally humans have five digits, termed phalanges,[2] on each hand (exceptions are polydactyly, hypodactyly and digit loss). The first digit is the thumb, followed by index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger or pinky. Some other languages use the same generic term for all five digits of a hand.

English dictionaries describe finger as meaning either one of the five digits including the thumb, or one of the four excluding the thumb (in which case they are numbered from 1 to 4 starting with the index finger closest to the thumb).[1][2][3] Linguistically, it appears that the original sense was to include the thumb as a finger: *penkwe-ros[citation needed] (also rendered as *penqrós[citation needed]) was, in the inferred Proto-Indo-European language, a suffixed form of *penkwe (or *penqe), "five", which has[citation needed] given rise to many Indo-European-family words (tens of them defined in English dictionaries) that involve or flow from concepts of fiveness.

Chimpanzees have lower limbs that are specialized for manipulation, and (arguably) have fingers on their lower limbs as well. The term 'finger' is not applied to the digits of most other animals, such as canines, felines, or ungulates, none of which can engage in fine manipulation with their forelimbs as a primate can.

Contents

Function

Each finger may flex and extend, abduct and adduct, and so also circumduct. Flexion is by far the strongest movement. In humans, there are two large muscles that produce flexion of each finger, and additional muscles that augment the movement. Each finger may move independently of the others, though the muscle bulks that move each finger may be partly blended, and the tendons may be attached to each other by a net of fibrous tissue, preventing completely free movement. This is particularly noticeable when trying to extend the fourth digit (third finger) with the others flexed.

Fingers are usually moved under conscious control. In humans, they are used for grasping, typing, grooming, writing, caressing, and many other activities. They are also used in signaling, as when wearing a wedding ring, finger counting or when communicating in sign language.

Aside from the genitals, the fingertips possess the highest concentration of touch receptors and thermoreceptors among all areas of the human skin, making them extremely sensitive to temperature, pressure, vibration, texture, and moisture. Thus fingers are commonly used as sensory probes to ascertain properties of objects encountered in the world, and so they are prone to injury.

Fingers do not contain muscles other than arrector pili muscles. The muscles that move the finger joints are in the palm and forearm. The long tendons that deliver motion from the forearm muscles may be observed to move under the skin at the wrist and on the back of the hand.

Fingers

Each of the fingers has unique cultural and functional significance. From the thumb on the radial side to the ulnar side of the hand, the fingers are in this order:

Palce.jpg
  1. Thumb, often considered not to be a finger
  2. Index finger, also called 'pointer finger', or 'forefinger'
  3. Middle finger, the longest
  4. Ring finger, also known as fourth finger
  5. Little finger, also known as 'pinky'

Finger ratio

One of the major finger issues in modern science is John T. Manning's digit ratio, sometimes described as finger ratio - which concerns the ratio of the 2nd finger (index finger) and the 4th finger (ring finger).[4] In 2008 John Manning presented an update on his finger ratio research, titled: 'The finger book'.

Anomalies and diseases

A rare anatomical variation affects 1 in 500 humans,[5] in which the individual has more than the usual number of digits; this is known as polydactyly. A human may also be born without one or more fingers. Extra fingers can be functional. In one individual with seven fingers not only used them but claimed that they “gave him some advantages in playing the piano.”[6]

Phalanges are commonly fractured. A damaged tendon can cause significant loss of function in fine motor control, such as with a mallet finger.

The fingers are commonly affected by diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Diabetics often use the fingers to obtain blood samples for regular blood sugar testing. Raynaud's phenomenon is a neurovascular disorder that affects the fingers.

Brain representation

Each finger has an orderly somatotopic representation on the cerebral cortex in the somatosensory cortex area 3b,[7] part of area 1[8] and a distributed, overlapping representations in the supplementary motor area and primary motor area.[9]

The somatosensory cortex representation of the hand is a dynamic reflection of the fingers on the external hand: in syndactyly people have a clubhand of webbed, shortened fingers. However, not only are the fingers of their hands fused, but the cortical maps of their individual fingers also form a club hand. The fingers can be surgically divided to make a more useful hand. Surgeons did this at the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery in New York to a 32-year-old man with the initials O. G.. They touching O. G.’s fingers before and after surgery while using MRI brain scans. Before the surgery, the fingers mapped onto his brain were fused close together; afterward, the maps of his individual fingers did indeed separate and take the layout corresponding to a normal hand.[10]

Colloquial imagery usage

The term 'finger' appears in common, colloquial linguistic imagery (Doodson, 2009):

  1. Il dito del piede (Italian) - referring to the 'finger of the foot' suggesting that the toe is merely[citation needed] a finger on the foot appendage
  2. 'Wrapped around the finger' - referring to a man's submitting to the requests of a woman regardless of his desire (or vice versa). Generally has negative connotations of not having control. Usage includes "my housemate is wrapped around his girlfriend's finger". Often considered weakness.
  3. Pointing the finger - referring to blaming an individual or object. Usually negatively connotated
  4. Finger snapping

Notes

  1. ^ a b Chambers 1998 page 603
  2. ^ a b c Oxford Illustrated pages 311,380
  3. ^ Oxford Advanced page 326
  4. ^ Mills, Michael (October 9, 2002). "Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior and Health by John T. Manning". Book review. Human Nature Review. http://www.human-nature.com/nibbs/02/manning.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26. 
  5. ^ Greene, Alan (May 19, 1997). "Polydactylism". drgreene.com. http://www.drgreene.com/21_182.html. Retrieved 2008-06-26. 
  6. ^ Dwight T. (1892). Fusion of hands. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 4, 473-486.
  7. ^ van Westen D, Fransson P, Olsrud J, Rosén B, Lundborg G, Larsson EM. (2004). Fingersomatotopy in area 3b: an fMRI-study. BMC Neurosci. 5:28. PMID 15320953
  8. ^ Nelson AJ, Chen R. (2008). Digit somatotopy within cortical areas of the postcentral gyrus in humans. Cereb Cortex. 18(10):2341-51. PMID 18245039
  9. ^ Kleinschmidt A, Nitschke MF, Frahm J. (1997). Somatotopy in the human motor cortex hand area. A high-resolution functional MRI study. Eur J Neurosci. 9(10):2178-86. PMID 9421177
  10. ^ Mogilner A, Grossman JA, Ribary U, Joliot M, Volkmann J, Rapaport D, Beasley RW, Llinás RR. (1993). Somatosensory cortical plasticity in adult humans revealed by magnetoencephalography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90(8):3593-7. PMID 8386377

See also

References

  • The Chambers Dictionary. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd. 2000 [1998]. ISBN 0-550-14005-X. 
  • The Oxford Illustrated Dictionary. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. 1976 [1975]. 
  • Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. London: Oxford University Press. 1974 [1974]. ISBN 0-19-431102-3. 

External links


Translations: Finger
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - finger, pegefinger, fingerbredde, urviser
v. tr. - røre ved, fingerere ved, udpege, stjæle, forsyne med angivelse af fingersætning
v. intr. - røre, spille på med fingrene

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    have en finger med i spillet
  • finger bowl    skylleskål
  • finger on the pulse    fingeren på pulsen, føling med
  • get one's finger out    få fingeren ud, komme i gang
  • keep one's fingers crossed    krydse fingre
  • lay a finger on    røre
  • lift a finger    røre en finger
  • pull one's finger out    få fingeren ud
  • put one's finger on    sætte fingeren på
  • raise one's finger    løfte pegefingeren
  • slip through one's fingers    slippe fra en
  • work one's fingers to the bone    knokle, slide og slæbe

Nederlands (Dutch)
betasten, bespelen met de vingers (instrument), identificeren, vingerzetting markeren (muziek), seksueel stimuleren met vinger, vingervormig worden, om laten kopen, bepaalde vingerzetting hebben (instrument), vinger, obsceen gebaar, vingerbreedte, landtong

Français (French)
n. - (Anat) doigt, doigt (de gant), bande (de terre), volute (brume), doigt (de whisky)
v. tr. - toucher, tripoter (des fruits), toucher (un tissu)
v. intr. - toucher, tripoter

idioms:

  • finger bowl    rince-doigts
  • finger on the pulse    prendre le pouls, (fig) se tenir à la page
  • get one's finger out    se grouiller
  • have a finger in every pie    (Fin) avoir des intérêts dans une affaire
  • keep one's fingers crossed    croiser les doigts pour (qn)
  • lay a finger on    toucher (qn), frapper (qn)
  • lift a finger    (ne pas) lever le petit doigt
  • pull one's finger out    se grouiller
  • put one's finger on    mettre/poser son doigt sur
  • raise one's finger    lever son doigt, (ne pas) lever le petit doigt
  • slip through one's fingers    glisser entre ses doigts
  • work one's fingers to the bone    travailler dur

Deutsch (German)
n. - Finger
v. - berühren, herumfingern

idioms:

  • finger bowl    Fingerschale
  • finger on the pulse    Hand am Puls
  • get one's finger out    eine Sache richtig anpacken
  • have a finger in every pie    die Finger überall drin haben
  • keep one's fingers crossed    den Daumen halten
  • lay a finger on    jmdn. anfassen, jmdm. ein Härchen krümmen
  • lift a finger    den Finger rühren
  • pull one's finger out    eine Sache richtig anpacken
  • put one's finger on    etwas genau treffen
  • raise one's finger    den Finger strecken
  • slip through one's fingers    sich entgehen lassen
  • work one's fingers to the bone    sich abschuften, schuften

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - δάκτυλος, δάχτυλο, (μτφ.) επέμβαση, παρέμβαση
v. - ψαύω, ψηλαφώ, πασπατεύω, πιάνω, καταδίδω, καρφώνω

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    ανακατεμένος παντού, με το δαχτυλάκι μου χωμένο παντού
  • finger bowl    επιτραπέζιο μπολ νιψίματος δακτύλων
  • finger on the pulse    κρατά το σφυγμό
  • get one's finger out    δραστηριοποιούμαι
  • keep one's fingers crossed    κάνω το σταυρό μου (να)
  • lay a finger on    απλώνω χέρι σε
  • lift a finger    κάνω κάποια προσπάθεια
  • pull one's finger out    δραστηριοποιούμαι
  • put one's finger on    εντοπίζω, επισημαίνω
  • raise one's finger    κάνω νόημα, κουνώ το δαχτυλάκι μου
  • slip through one's fingers    μου γλιστράει μέσα από τα δάχτυλα
  • work one's fingers to the bone    σκοτώνομαι στη δουλειά

Italiano (Italian)
tastare, palpare, additare, dito

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    le mani in pasta
  • get one's finger out    mettersi in moto
  • keep one's fingers crossed    fare gli scongiuri, toccare ferro
  • lay a finger on    toccare
  • lift a finger    alzare un dito
  • pull one's finger out    darsi da fare
  • put one's finger on    indicare
  • raise one's finger    alzare il dito
  • slip through one's fingers    scivolare tra le dita
  • work one's fingers to the bone    lavorare sodo

Português (Portuguese)
n. - dedo (m)
v. - tocar com os dedos

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    intrometer-se em tudo (gír.)
  • finger bowl    lavanda (f) (pequeno recipiente para lavar os dedos antes das refeições)
  • get one's finger out    Mexa-se!
  • keep one's fingers crossed    manter os dedos cruzados
  • lay a finger on    encostar um dedo em (relar)
  • lift a finger    levantar um dedo (para ajudar)
  • pull one's finger out    comece a fazer alguma coisa
  • put one's finger on    indicar com exatidão
  • raise one's finger    levantar seu dedo
  • slip through one's fingers    deixar escapar (gír.)
  • work one's fingers to the bone    trabalhar arduamente

Русский (Russian)
трогать, указывать аппликатуру, красть, донести на, палец, немного

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    каждой бочке затычка
  • finger bowl    блюдичко мыть пальцы
  • get one's finger out    заставить работать
  • keep one's fingers crossed    трижды плюнуть через левое плечо, постучать по дереву
  • lay a finger on    тронуть пальцем
  • lift a finger    пальцем пошевелить
  • pull one's finger out    Перестань лентяйничать!
  • put one's finger on    точно определить
  • raise one's finger    пальцем пошевелить, начать дело
  • slip through one's fingers    упустить
  • work one's fingers to the bone    работать не покладая рук

Español (Spanish)
n. - dedo
v. tr. - palpar, tocar, tentar
v. intr. - palpar, tocar, tentar

idioms:

  • finger bowl    enjuague, enjuagatorio
  • finger on the pulse    estar al tanto de lo que pasa
  • get one's finger out    dejar de aplazar y actuar, poner manos a la obra, despabilarse
  • have a finger in every pie    estar metido en todo, tener participación en un asunto
  • keep one's fingers crossed    esperar que todo salga bien
  • lay a finger on    pegarle a alguien, ponerle la mano encima a
  • lift a finger    mover un dedo
  • pull one's finger out    moverse, espabilarse
  • put one's finger on    acertar, dar en el clavo
  • raise one's finger    levantar el dedo, mover un dedo
  • slip through one's fingers    se le escapó de las manos
  • work one's fingers to the bone    trabajar duro, trabajar mucho, afanarse

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - finger, visare på klocka, fingersbredd
v. - fingra på, lägga vantarna på (vard.), spela på ett instrument, förse noter med fingersättning, utpeka för polisen (amer. vard.), fingra, använda fingrarna (mus. instr.)

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
手指, 指针, 指状物, 用手指触摸, 用指弹奏, 拨弄, 指出, 用指触摸

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    参与其事, 多管闲事, 干涉
  • finger bowl    洗指碗
  • finger on the pulse    为某人诊脉
  • get one's finger out    赶紧, 开始认真工作
  • keep one's fingers crossed    祈求好运
  • lay a finger on    触碰
  • lift a finger    尽举手之劳
  • pull one's finger out    赶紧开始认真工作
  • put one's finger on    确切地指出
  • raise one's finger    举起手指
  • slip through one's fingers    从指缝之中溜掉, 错过机会
  • work one's fingers to the bone    不停手地做

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 手指, 指標, 指狀物
v. tr. - 用手指觸摸, 用指彈奏, 撥弄, 指出
v. intr. - 用指彈奏, 撥弄, 用指觸摸

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    參與其事, 多管閒事, 干涉
  • finger bowl    洗指碗
  • finger on the pulse    為某人診脈
  • get one's finger out    趕緊, 開始認真工作
  • keep one's fingers crossed    祈求好運
  • lay a finger on    觸碰
  • lift a finger    盡舉手之勞
  • pull one's finger out    趕緊開始認真工作
  • put one's finger on    確切地指出
  • raise one's finger    舉起手指
  • slip through one's fingers    從指縫之中溜掉, 錯過機會
  • work one's fingers to the bone    不停手地做

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 손가락, 손가락모양의 것
v. tr. - 손가락을 대다, 손가락으로 만지다, (뇌물)받다, 지적하다,
v. intr. - 손가락으로 만지다, 악기가 손으로 연주되다

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    손을 내다, 관계하다
  • get one's finger out    (건방지게) 노력 좀 해라!, 일 좀 해라!
  • keep one's fingers crossed    (기원의 뜻으로) 가운데 손가락에 겹치다
  • put one's finger on    ~에 대해 완벽히 알다
  • work one's fingers to the bone    몸을 아끼지 않고 일하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 手の指, 指, 指状のもの, 指状突起, 指幅, 中指の長さ
v. - 指でいじる, 手を出す, 弾奏する, 指のように伸びる

idioms:

  • a finger in every pie    関係する全ての事, その件の余計なこと
  • finger bowl    フィンガーボール
  • finger on the pulse    正確に把握すること
  • get one's finger out    とりかかる
  • lady's finger    指状のカステラ風菓子
  • put one's finger on    的確に指摘する, 思い出す

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) أصبع (فعل) يؤشر باستخدام الأصبع‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮אצבע‬
v. tr. - ‮הצביע על-, ניגן‬
v. intr. - ‮מישש באצבעות, אחז באצבעות‬


 
 
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laminated joint
Digit (in medicine)

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