A family of viruses comprising three genera, Flavivirus, Pestivirus, and Hepacivirus. They are single-stranded, plus sense RNA viruses. The type species of the genus Flavivirus, which are arthropod borne viruses, is the yellow fever virus of humans (flavi = yellow); other viruses cause encephalitis in humans and some cause encephalitis in animals. Amongst the viruses in the genus which affect animals are: West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis—a disease of humans but the virus has been isolated from animals; Japanese B encephalitis virus; California encephalitis of humans, but viremia detectable in feral animals; louping ill; Central European tickborne fever and Murray Valley encephalitis, both diseases of humans and the viruses that occur in small ruminants; wesselsbron disease, Israeli turkey meningoencephalitis; Powassan disease; and the Tahyna virus. The genus Pestivirus includes classical swine fever (hog cholera), bovine virus diarrhea–mucosal disease and ovine border disease viruses. The genus Hepacivirus includes human hepatitis C virus. Pestiviruses and hepaciviruses are not arthropod borne.
Flaviviridae
| Veterinary Dictionary: Flaviviridae |
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| Flaviviridae | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Family: | Flaviviridae |
| Genera | |
The Flaviviridae are a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type virus of Flaviviridae; flavus means yellow in Latin. (Yellow fever in turn was named because of its propensity to cause jaundice in victims.) [1].
They include the following genera:
- Genus Flavivirus (type species Yellow fever virus, others include West Nile virus and Dengue Fever)—contains 67 identified human and animal viruses
- Genus Hepacivirus (type species Hepatitis C virus, the single member)
- Genus Pestivirus (type species Bovine virus diarrhea, others include classical swine fever or hog cholera)—contains viruses infecting non-human mammals
Flaviviridae have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, 9.6- to 12.3-kilobase in length. The 5'-termini of flaviviruses carry a methylated nucleotide cap, while other members of this family are uncapped and encode an internal ribosome entry site. Virus particles are enveloped and spherical, about 40-60 nm in diameter.
Major diseases caused by the Flaviviridae family include:
- Dengue fever
- Japanese encephalitis
- Kyasanur Forest disease
- Murray Valley encephalitis
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- West Nile encephalitis
- Yellow fever
- Hepatitis C Virus Infection
References
- ^ http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Flaviviridae Accessed July 22, 2008
External links
- Flaviviridae Genomes database search results from the Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
- Viralzone: Flaviviridae
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 | flavivirus |
| Hepacivirus |
| Japanese B encephalitis virus |
Copyrights:
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 | Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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